1. Housekeeping Tidy up lab space
Discard razor blades & used slides in labeled waste containers
Discard/clean-up Analine blue slides
Ensure fans, cords, etc. are neat and away from walkways
No food.
Ensure analine blue and acid containers are closed

2. Announcements First plate is due today
Transfer to lab computer
Get instructor feedback
Discard foul water/nasty seaweed
Don’t leave seaweeds in closed containers (i.e., baggies)
Use fans to speed-up herbarium drying
Overnight
While we’re in the field

3. Logistics Tuesday, 15 July Wednesday, 16 July Thursday, 17 July
AM: Introduction to Green Algae (Wysor)
PM: Gracilariaceae & Gracilaria spp. (Fredericq)
Wednesday, 16 July
AM: Orders of Green Algae (Wysor)
PM: Gracilariaceae & Gracilaria spp., cont’d (Fredericq)
Thursday, 17 July
AM: Turf Algae & Endophytes (Wysor)
PM: Crude isolations for Algal Culture
Friday, 18 July
Off day…SCUBA?
Saturday, 19 July
AM: Trees, Phylogenies & other ventures on the dark side (Freshwater)
Sunday, 20 July
AM: Poly- & Neosiphonia: Molecular assisted morphological analysis
PM: Finalize Plates
Monday, 21 July
AM: plate presentations
All plates due by 12:00
PM:
Tuesday, 22 July
AM: 8am departure for Zapatilla snorkelling (no lecture) (cameras, no baggies)
PM:Wrap-up/Clean-up lab
Wednesday, 23 July (Last day of class)
AM: Wrap-up/start to panic/pack/clean-up lab
PM: finish panicking/update on barcoding progress
Thursday, 24 July: Departure

4. Chlorophytes - “grass” green algae

5. Nuisance Algae - “Green Tides”
Codium fragile
aka: Deadman’s fingers
aka: Oyster theif

6. Nuisance Algae - “Green Tides”
Ulva bloom in Greenwich Bay, RI

7. Nuisance Algae - Hull Fouling

8. Trentepohlia sp. - an orange Chlorophyte
Carotenoid pigments, such as Astaxanthin & -carotene impart orange color

9. Haematococcus sp. - an orange Chlorophyte

10. Commercial Astaxanthin Production
Haematococcus pluvialis

11. Commercial Astaxanthin Production

12. Chlamydomonas nivalis - a red snow Chlorophyte
Alaska, USA
Sierra Nevadas, USA
For more information on snow algae:

13. General Characteristics of Green Algae
Variation in algal thallus (algal body)
filaments (filamentous)
Ulothrix: an unbranched, uniseriate, green algal filament
(Ulvophyceae: Ulotrichales)

14. General Characteristics of Green Algae
Variation in algal thallus (algal body)
siphonous or coenocytic: one large multi- (or uni-) nucleate cell
Bryopsis: a siphonous, multi-nucleate, unicellular green alga (Ulvophyceae: Caulerpales)
No cross-walls.

15. General Characteristics of Green Algae
Variation in algal thallus (algal body)
siphonous or coenocytic: one large multi- (or uni-) nucleate cell
Acetabularia: a siphonous, uni-nucleate, unicellular green alga
(Ulvophyceae: Dasycladales)
Codium fragile: a siphonous, multi-nucleate, unicellular green alga (Ulvophyceae: Caulerpales)

16. General Characteristics of Green Algae
Variation in algal thallus (algal body)
parenchymatous blade
Ulva: a parenchymatous, distromatic blade (Ulvophyceae: Ulvales)

17. General Characteristics of Green Algae
Variation in algal thallus (algal body)
pseudoparenchymatous blade
Anadyomene: a pseudoparenchymatous, blade (Ulvophyceae: Cladophorales)

18. Parallel Evolution of Thallus Form - Uniseriate Filaments
Ulothrix
Class: Chlorophyceae Ulvophyceae
See also G&W: Fig. 17-8

19. Parallel Evolution of Thallus Form - Monostromatic Blades
Class: Ulvophyceae Ulvophyceae
Order: Ulvales Ulotrichales
Genus: Ulvaria Monostroma
See also G&W: Fig. 17-8

20. Phylogeny & Synopsis of Green Algae
Prasinophyceae
marine flagellates
primitive (ancestral type) green algae
Chlorophyceae
FW, terrestrial
lots of unicells/colonies, e.g., Volvox
Trebouxiophyceae
Terrestrial, fw
lichen symbionts (among others)
Charophyceae FW
land plant (drier green algae) sisters
Ulvophyceae
Marine, macroscopic seaweeds (among others)

21. Given the problems associated with convergent evolution (parallel evolution of thallus form)…
what types of (really conserved) features might be used to differentiate major groups of organisms?
What are some features common to all organisms/groups of organisms?

22. Flagella Ultrastructure of Green Algae
See also: G&W. Fig. 9.8c

23. Ultrastructure of the Flagellar Apparatus

24. Understanding Basal Body Orientation
Orientation is assumed to be top-down

25. Understanding Basal Body Orientation
Flagellate cells in the UTC clade have a symmetrical, cruciate root systems with variable #s of alternating rootlets.
2-microtubule rootlet
Basal body: cylindrical basal portion of flagellum lying within the cell
4-microtubule rootlet

26. Understanding Basal Body Orientation
2. Microtubule rootlets anchor basal bodies to cytoskeleton
3. A cruciate (cross-shaped) arrangement of rootlets is shown (X-2-X-2); ( )

27. Understanding Basal Body Orientation
4. There are 3 main variations in the orientation of basal bodies, when viewed top-down (anterior-posterior direction)
5. Orientation is a round a line drawn parallel to and between basal body axis

28. Clockwise Displacement of Basal Bodies
Chlorophyceae CW
Clockwise
1:00 - 7:00

29. Counter Clockwise Displacement of Basal Bodies
Ulvophyceae
CCW
Counter-clockwise
11:00 - 5:00

30. Understanding Basal Body Orientation
Chlorophyceae
Ulvophyceae
Trebouxiophyceae
Clockwise
1:00 - 7:00
Counter-clockwise
11:00 - 5:00
Directly opposed

31. Flagellar Apparatus in Classes of Green Algae