1. Wilson Fights for Peace
Chapter 11
Section 4

2. Wilson’s 14 Points 1. No secret treaties 2. Freedom of the seas
3. Tariffs lowered or abolished
4. Decrease in armaments
5. Colonial policies should take into account the interests of the colonized

3. Points 6-13
6-13: Deal with specific boundary changes

4. Point 14
14. Created the League of Nations

5. Allies Reject the Points
France: wanted to weaken Germany to prevent another attack and keep their military strong to defend themselves
Great Britain: Prime Minister won election with slogan “Make Germany Pay”
Italy: Wanted control of Austrian territory

6. A Strange Peace Conference
No Central Powers invited
Russia and other allies not invited
Big Four
Wilson: U.S.
Clemenceau: France
Lloyd George: Great Britain
Orlando: Italy

7. The Treaty of Versailles
Signed June 28, 1919
Established nine new nations
Gave France and Great Britain mandates in the Middle East
Demilitarized Germany
Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
$33 Billion in reparations
War guilt clause

8. Weaknesses of the Treaty
1. Humiliated Germany
Germany couldn’t pay reparations
2. Russians felt ignored
Lost more territory than Germany
3. Colonial issues dealt with poorly
Germany stripped of colonies it needed to pay reparations
Ignored calls for independence from Southeast Asia

9. Opposition to the Treaty
Hoover and others felt it was too harsh
Some saw it as a sell out to imperialism
Ethnic groups upset over new boundaries

10. The League of Nations Many felt it would draw U.S. into further war
Senate wanted to weaken it, but Wilson would not back down
Senate refused to ratify Treaty of Versailles
U.S. signed a separate peace in 1921, never joined the League

11. Pershing’s Fears Most Germans did not know they had been defeated
Germans shocked by Armistice and angered by the Treaty
Believed war would have to be fought again

12. Rise of Hitler German Economy destroyed Looking for scapegoats
Hitler blamed Jews and socialists in the Weimar Republic
Rose to power in 1933