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Chapter 22 Review The Precambrian Earth
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What information about Earth’s materials can be inferred by their arrangement in layers, as shown here? their relative densities their order of formation their relative ages their temperatures
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Which point on this time line should be labeled “Formation of Earth?”
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Which line best represents the level of oxygen gas in the atmosphere during the Proterozoic?
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Which graph correctly represents the relationship of the Precambrian to the total age of Earth?
D
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What discovery would weaken the primordial soup hypothesis of the origin of life?
Lightning was common on early Earth. Earth’s early atmosphere contained carbon dioxide, water, and trace gases. Earth’s early oceans were warm and shallow. Asteroid impacts were uncommon when life is presumed to have begun.
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A scientist can assume that this life form did not exist during the Precambrian because________.
it is unicellular it contains a nucleus it contains RNA and DNA it has a cell membrane
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What characteristic of Ediacaran biota leads scientists to think that these organisms do NOT represent relatives of present day animals? lack of a mouth, anus, or gut shapes that are dissimilar to all living organisms structures that were used for movement lack of nuclei
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Which summarizes the relationship between density of an element and its distribution in Earth?
The greater an element’s density, the greater the amount of it found in the crust. The denser an element is, the smaller the amount of it in Earth’s core. The lower an element’s density, the smaller the amount of it found in the crust. The greater an element’s density, the smaller the amount of it found in the crust.
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Which diagram best represents the relationship of the landmass of Archean cratons to the total landmass of Earth? A B C D
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Which best summarizes the change in number and size of microcontinents during the Proterozoic?
the number of microcontinents increased and the size increased the number of microcontinents increased and the size decreased the number of microcontinents decreased and the size increased the number of microcontinents decreased and the size decreased
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The oldest known mineral on Earth is ____.
fluorite mica zircon quartz
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An organism composed of a single cell that does not contain a nucleus and is the simplest kind of cell is a(n) ____. prokaryote eukaryote bryozoan animal
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The process by which volcanoes vent water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and other substances is called ____. oxidation glaciation differentiation outgassing
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oxidation differentiation photosynthesis glaciation
Cyanobacteria use the process of ____ to produce energy, and oxygen is given off as a waste product. oxidation differentiation photosynthesis glaciation
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____ have been found in the waters of hydrothermal vents, suggesting that proteins and nucleic acids could have formed there during the Archean. Amino acids RNA molecules DNA molecules Dissolved minerals
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Ancient continent that contained core of modern-day North America
asteroid banded iron formation Canadian shield Laurentia meteorite Precambrian shield red bed
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Continental core of Archean and Proterozoic rock
asteroid banded iron formation Canadian shield Laurentia meteorite Precambrian shield red bed
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Deposit consisting of alternating bands of chert and iron oxide
asteroid banded iron formation Canadian shield Laurentia meteorite Precambrian shield red bed
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Metallic or silica-rich objects that orbit the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
asteroid banded iron formation Canadian shield Laurentia meteorite Precambrian shield red bed
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Meteor that has fallen to Earth
asteroid banded iron formation Canadian shield Laurentia meteorite Precambrian shield red bed
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The Precambrian shield in North America
asteroid banded iron formation Canadian shield Laurentia meteorite Precambrian shield red bed
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Sedimentary rocks younger than 1
Sedimentary rocks younger than 1.8 billion years that are colored by the iron oxides in them asteroid banded iron formation Canadian shield Laurentia meteorite Precambrian shield red bed
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Tiny, threadlike photosynthetic organisms
amino acids cyanobacteria Ediacaran fauna hydrothermal vent stromatolite Varangian glaciation zircon
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Mat or mound composed of billions of cyanobacteria
amino acids cyanobacteria Ediacaran fauna hydrothermal vent stromatolite Varangian glaciation zircon
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Stable mineral that commonly occurs in granite
amino acids cyanobacteria Ediacaran fauna hydrothermal vent stromatolite Varangian glaciation zircon
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Glacial event that occurred between 700 and 800 million years ago
amino acids cyanobacteria Ediacaran fauna hydrothermal vent stromatolite Varangian glaciation zircon
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Hot water vent at volcanic seafloor rift
amino acids cyanobacteria Ediacaran fauna hydrothermal vent stromatolite Varangian glaciation zircon
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Fossils of soft-bodied Proterozoic organisms
amino acids cyanobacteria Ediacaran fauna hydrothermal vent stromatolite Varangian glaciation zircon
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Building blocks of proteins
amino acids cyanobacteria Ediacaran fauna hydrothermal vent stromatolite Varangian glaciation zircon
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The amount of radioactive isotopes contributing heat to Earth is greater now than it was when Earth was newly formed. True False
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The movement of the continents was one of the three sources of Earth’s heat when Earth was newly formed. True False
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Earth’s oceans and atmosphere formed after life on Earth was established.
True False
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Eukaryotes appeared later in Earth’s history than prokaryotes.
True False
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The process of plate tectonics, the movement of Earth’s plates, started at the end of the Precambrian. True False
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The average temperature on Earth has changed through the course of Earth’s history.
True False
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Cyanobacteria are classified as prokaryotes.
True False
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Accumulation of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere resulted in greater amounts of UV radiation reaching Earth. True False
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The presence of iron oxide in rocks, formed during a specific time period, can be used as evidence of oxygen in the atmosphere during that time period. True False
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Volcanic eruptions add great amounts of oxygen gas to the atmosphere.
True False
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Asteroids orbit the Sun between the orbit of Mars and Jupiter.
True False
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Granite, which is composed of feldspar, quartz, and mica—high-density minerals—is common at Earth’s surface. True False
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Earth’s first granitic crust likely formed from slabs of crust that were recycled into the mantle at subduction zones. True False
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The oldest rock samples collected from the Moon are approximately 4
The oldest rock samples collected from the Moon are approximately 4.6 million years old. True False
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Early in the Proterozoic, microcontinents began to collide as a result of plate tectonics.
True False
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Earth’s early atmosphere likely contained large concentrations of water vapor, and oxygen and nitrogen gases vented from volcanoes. True False
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Early life, mainly the Ediacaran fauna, modified the atmosphere by generating large amounts of the gas that eventually formed the ozone layer. True False
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