1. Review of the Middle Ages

2. First: Fall of the Roman Empire 1)End of Roman authority a. Political b. Economic c. Social

3. Second: Why did the Roman Empire Collapse? Cite 7 (seven) reasons: 1. Invasions by? 2. Size 3. Communication 4. Standing army 5. Corrupt governors 6. God vs. Rome 7. Many in Empire did not identify with “Rome”

4. Third: Major divisions of the Old Roman Empire and locations. 1.Byzantine Empire’s capital? 2.Islamic Empire lands? 3.Carolingian (Charlemagne) Empire a. He united? b. Title?

5. Fourth:Role of Christian (Catholic) Church from crucifixion of Jesus to 5 th c. 1. ONE clear and absolute answer:

6. Fifth: Political disunity in Europe and its impact on Medieval trade & commerce 1.Wars between? 2.Tolls? 3.Pirates? 4.Exchange of ideas?

7. I. Introduction: The Big Picture

8. A. Europe in Transition 1. What was Europe like during the Middle Ages? a. b. c. d.

9. 2. What will Europe become? a. b. c. d. e.

10. B. Centralization of Power 1.Monarchs could centralize their “states” because they were able to: a. weaken b. weaken These were the two groups that had contained monarchial power.

11. II. The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) A.It was the first B.Each practiced a more sophisticated form of feudalism that stressed C. Represented a movement toward D. Joan of Arc

12. E. Causes 1)A series of Kings of England – descendants of William the Conqueror, who still spoke French – wanted to rule France as well as England. 2)No French heir to throne in 1328 – problems! 3)England had territory in France – France wanted them out 4)Rising sense of “nationalism” in each country 5) English embargo of wool to Flanders a) two sides then emerge:

13. F. Course of the War 1)Many stages but a) the Black Death 2)Different “fighting styles” – English superior 3)Joan of Arc (it is now 1430)

14. The Black Death (Plague) I.Preconditions and Causes A. Europe’s population was weak 1. 2. 3. B. Rats ! ! 1. 2. C. Symptoms

15. II. Popular Remedies and Responses III.Consequences of the Plague A. Peasants B. Artisans C. Nobility D. Clergy

16. IV. Results of Hundred Years’ War A. B. C. D.

17. The Late-Medieval Church Controlled a person’s life from birth until death Efficient bureaucracy and army Very wealthy (materialistic) Hierarchical institution with its own laws and courts

18. The Medieval Mind-set Medieval thinkers believed God had created the world to prepare humans for salvation or eternal damnation. Human beings and their lives on earth were insignificant. The individual was of NO importance. The Medieval architects, glassmakers, and sculptors who designed and decorated Europe’s great cathedrals worked for the glory of God, NOT personal glory.