1. Tropical Cyclones Chapter 11 Meteorology 1010 Professor Bunds Utah Valley University

2. Tropical Cyclone Naming, Paths and Seasons typhoons hurricanes cyclones

3. Paths of All Tropical Cyclones 1985 - 2005

5. Hurricane Air Flow

6. Upper Level Hurricane Air Flow

7. Hurricane Rankings Saffir- Simpson Category Maximum sustained wind speed Minimu m surface pressure Storm surge mphm/sktsmbftm 174-9533-4264-82 greater than 980 3-51.0-1.7 296-11043-4983-95979-9656-81.8-2.6 3111-13050-5896-113964-9459-122.7-3.8 4131-15559-69114-135944-92013-183.9-5.6 5156+70+136+ less than 920 19+5.7+

8. Hurricane Formation Powered largely by warm water Hurricanes are most common late summer to fall – ‘hurricane season’ –Varies by region Weaken over land –Usually weaken as they approach coastline also Form near but not over equator, given proper conditions (next slide)

9. Ingredients for Hurricane Formation Warm water – at least 80oF Relatively cool air at altitude Relatively moist air at moderate altitude (3 miles up) At least 300 miles from the equator Little wind shear between surface and upper air (6 miles up) Divergence aloft A trigger – e.g., big thunderstorms

10. Hurricane Hazards Storm Surge –On average, the biggest threat to life and property Winds Flooding from extreme precipitation –Can cause major problems far inland

11. Galveston Hurricane, 1900 > 10,000 fatalities, worst natural disaster in U.S. history

12. Storm Surge

13. Tropical Cyclone Winds & Storm Surge

14. Hurricane Ike Storm Surge September 2008

16. Hurricane Ivan 10 am Friday Link to visible loop

17. Hurricane Ivan 10 am Friday Link to visible loop

18. Hurricane Ivan 1:45pm Thursday

19. link to infrared loop

20. Hurricane Ivan 9:45pm Friday link to infrared loop

21. Hurricane Ivan 9:45pm Friday link to infrared loop

22. Link to visible loopLink to IR loop

32. Ivan, 9.15.04 11:15 am EDT

33. Ivan, 9.15.04 10:45 am EDT

34. Mississippi Delta

35. Mississippi River Delta Active Lobe ~ 500 years old Mississippi ‘wants’ to follow course of Atchafalaya River

36. Ivan, 9.17.04 4:15 pm EDT

37. Hurricane Ike Storm Surge September 2008

38. Path of hurrican and locations of tidal gauges that recorded storm surge, as shown on following slides

46. This and following photos are of Galveston, TX, and nearby areas

50. Houston, TX

59. High Island, Texas

60. Gilchrist, Texas

61. Orange, Texas