1. ITEC 3220M Using and Designing Database Systems
Instructor: Prof. Z. Yang
Course Website:
Office: Tel 3049

2. SQL*Loader

3. SQL*Loader
SQL*Loader is a bulk loader utility used for moving data from external files into an Oracle table.
Tables must exist
Loader works with the control file (file.ctl)

4. Loader Files SQL*Loader takes either: or
two input files – a control file and a data file or
a single input file – a control file that contains a set of data and loads the data into a single Oracle table

5. Loader Files The data file contains data
each record is placed in one row,
fields can be delimited by ‘,’ or ‘|’
can have extensions .csv or .dat
The control file contains information about the data
specifies action: insert, replace, append
describes the data, indicates which tables and columns the data is to be loaded
has extension .ctl

6. The SQL*Loader Environment

7. The Log, Bad and Discard Files
The log file (.log)
records SQL*Loader's activities during a load session and contains statistics on the load, error messages for records that cause errors
It is important to review the log file after a load to make sure that no errors occurred!
The bad file (.bad)
shows database errors, e.g. insert failure due to integrity constraint violation
The discard file (.dis)
holds records that do not meet selection criteria specified in the SQL*Loader control file

8. The Data File (ship.csv) - example
“001”,”Century”,”1986”,”2000”
“002”,”Galaxy”,”1989”,”1500”
“003”,”Horizon”,”1992”,”1600”
“004”,”Infinity”,”1995”,”2500”
“005”,”Journey”,”1998”,”2500”
“006”, “Mercury”,”2001”,”3000”

9. The Control File (ship.ctl) - example
INFILE ‘ship.csv’
REPLACE INTO TABLE Ship
FIELDS TERMINATED By ‘,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ‘”’
(shipNum, shipName, yearBuilt, capacity)

10. Data in the Control File - example
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
REPLACE INTO TABLE Ship
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
(shipNum, shipName, yearBuilt, capacity)
BEGINDATA
"001","Century","1986","2000"
"002","Galaxy","1989","1500"
"003","Horizon","1992","1600"
"004","Infinity","1995","2500"
"005","Journey","1998","2500"
"006","Mercury","2001","3000"

11. Execution of SQL*Loader
sqlldr control=ship.ctl

12. SQL Queries

13. SQL Queries Single table query Multiple table query Nesting query
Using IN
Using EXISTS
Join Table

14. Joining Database Tables
Ability to combine (join) tables on common attributes is most important distinction between a relational database and other databases
Join is performed when data are retrieved from more than one table at a time
Join is generally composed of an equality comparison between the foreign key and the primary key of related tables

15. Examples SELECT Order_Num FROM ORDERS WHERE Order_Num IN
FROM ORDER_LINE
WHERE Part_Num =1234;

16. Examples (Cont’d) SELECT Order_Num FROM ORDERS WHERE EXISTS (SELECT *
FROM ORDER_LINE
WHERE ORDERS.Order_Num = ORDERLINE.Order_Num AND
Part_Num =1234;

17. Examples (Cont’d) SELECT S.Last, S.First, C.Last, C.First
FROM SALES_REP S,
CUSTOMER C
WHERE S.Srep_Num =
C. Srep_Num

18. SQL Exercise
Write SQL code that will create the relations shown. Assume the following attribute data types:
Student_ID: integer
Student_Name: 25 characters
Faculty_ID: integer
Faculty_Name: 25 characters
Course_ID: 25 characters
Course_Name: 15 characters
Date_Qualified: date
Section_ID: integer
Semester: 7 characters

19. SQL Exercise (Cont’d) STUDENT (Primary key: Student_ID)
IS_QUALIFIED (Primary key: Faculty_ID, Course_ID)
Faculty_ ID
Course_ID
Date_
Qualified
2143
ISM3112
9/1988
3467
ISM4212
9/1995
ISM4930
9/1996
4756
ISM3113
9/1991
Student_ ID
Name
38214
Letersky
54907
Altvater
66324
Aiken
70542
Marra

20. SQL Exercise (Cont’d) FACULTY (Primary key: Faculty_ID)
SECTION (Primary key: Section_ID)
Section_ID
Course_ID
2712
ISM3113
2713
2714
ISM4212
2715
ISM4930
Faculty_ID
Faculty_Name
2143
Birkin
3467
Berndt
4756
Collins

21. SQL Exercise (Cont’d) COURSE ((Primary key: Course_ID)
IS_REGISTERED (Primary key: Student_ID, Section_ID)
Course_ID
Course_
Name
ISM3113
Syst Analysis
ISM3112
Syst Design
ISM4212
Database
ISM4930
Networking
Student_ID
Section_ID
Semester
38214
2714 I
54907
2715
66324
2713

22. SQL Exercise (Cont’d)
Write SQL queries to answer the following questions:
Display the course ID and course name for all courses with an ISM prefix.
Display all the courses (Course_Name) for which Professor Berndt has been qualified.
Is any instructor qualified to teach ISM 3113 and not qualified to teach ISM 4930?
How many students are enrolled in section 2714 during semester I – 2001?
Which students were not enrolled in any courses during semester I – 2001?

23. Lab Instruction
Login to sit.yorku.ca
Start Oracle SQL*PLUS environment by typing the following command: sqlplus
When prompted for the username/password enter (where your_username is your AML username) at the username prompt and your AML password at the password prompt.

24. Lab Tips
To list all tables you have in your Oracle account use the following SQL command:
select table_name from user_tables;
To describe a given Oracle table use the following Oracle environment command (note that this is not an SQL command):
desc tablename (where tablename is the name of the table that you have in your account)

25. SQL Plus Editing Commands
Add text at end of current line: A text
Change current line: type the line number
Change text in current line: C/old/new
Insert a line following current line: I