1. CS 31003: Compilers ANIRUDDHA GUPTA 11CS10004 G2 CLASS DATE : 24/07/2013

2. Compilers

3. Working of System Software

4. Linkers  Inserts code to resolve program library references.  Combines object modules into an executable file.  Automatically called by the compiler.

5. Types of Linkers  Static Linker  After compilation, before execution.  Require more disk space and memory.  Faster and more portable.  Dynamic Linker  Resolve external references during execution.  Require less disk space and memory.  Execution time is more.

6.  Place the program into memory for execution.  Responsible for initiating the execution of process. Loaders

7. Types of Loaders  Absolute Loader  Instructions are placed directly at the location prescribed by the assembler.  Disadvantage:  Leads to address relocation problems.  Relocating Loader  Adjust addresses in the executable to compensate for variations in the address at which loading starts.  Disadvantage:  Memory references are bound to absolute address at the initial load time.

8. Types of Loaders  Dynamic Loader  Load only those files which are required at that time.  work like Dynamic linker.