1. 9.3 Industrialization Spreads
The Industrialization that begins in Great Britain spreads to other parts of the world.

2. Background
Britain did NOT want the secrets of industrialization to reach other parts of the world
They forbid engineers, mechanics and toolmakers to leave the country

3. Industrial Development in the United States
U.S. has natural and labor resources needed to industrialize
Samuel Slater, English textile worker, builds textile mill in the U.S. (from memory and a partial design)
Lowell, Massachusetts is a mechanized textile center by 1820

4. Industrial Development in the United States
Manufacturing towns spring up around factories across the country
Young single women flock to factory towns, work in textile mills
Clothing and shoemaking industries soon mechanize

5. Industrial Development in the United States
Later Expansion of U.S. Industry
Industrialization picks up during post-Civil War technology boom
Cities like Chicago expand rapidly due to location on railroad lines
Small companies merge to form larger, powerful companies

6. Industrial Development in the United States
The Rise of Corporations
Stock—limited ownership rights for company, sold to raise money
Corporation—company owned by stockholders, share profits not debts
Large corporations attempt to control as much business as they can

7. Continental Europe Industrializes
Troubles in Continental Europe
Revolution and Napoleonic wars disrupted early 19th-century economy
Beginnings in Belgium
Belgium has iron ore, coal, water transportation
British workers smuggle in machine plans and start companies in 1799

8. Continental Europe Industrializes
Germany Industrializes
Political, economic barriers; but industry, railroads boom by mid-century
Expansion Elsewhere in Europe
Northern Italy, Spain etc.
Industrialization in France was more controlled: did not face the great social and economic problems of other industrializing countries

9. The Impact of Industrialization
Rise of Global Inequality
Wealth gap widens; non-industrialized countries fall further behind
Imperialism (extending one country’s rule over other lands) spreads due to need for raw materials, markets

10. The Impact of Industrialization
Transformation of Society
Europe and U.S. gain economic power
African and Asian economies lag, based on agriculture, crafts
Rise of middle class strengthens democracy, calls for social reform

11. Discussion Questions
Why do you think Britain didn’t want Industrialization to spread to other countries?
Why do you think young, single women wanted to work at the textile factories?
Why did entrepreneurs sell stock in the first place?
Do you think the rise in inequality (some countries becoming very wealthy while others fall further behind) is fair or unfair?