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Reported Speech (2) Dragana Filipović.

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1 Reported Speech (2) Dragana Filipović

2 IMPERATIVE  to + INFINITIVE
Commands… When we report requests, orders or commands, or other kinds of persuasion, we often use the pattern: ask / tell somebody to do something IMPERATIVE  to + INFINITIVE

3 Commands… “Wake me up early, Dad!” Michael said. becomes:
Michael told his dad to wake him up early. “Please let me watch the match, Mum,” Anne said. Anne begged her mum to let her watch the match.

4 Commands… Here are common verbs which use this pattern (ask / tell somebody to do something): advise – ask – beg – command – forbid – instruct – invite – order – persuade – remind - teach – tell – urge - warn

5 Negative orders, requests etc.
NOT goes before to + infinitive “Please, don’t do it,” she said to him. becomes: She begged him not to do it. “Don’t tell lies,” he said. He taught us not to tell lies.

6 Reporting offers, refusals, etc.
We often use a verb which describes the speaker’s intention. (Offer) “Can I help you?”  She offered to help me. (Refusal) “I won’t do it.”  He refused to do it. Verbs in this group: agree – promise – swear – threaten

7 Suggestions When we report suggestions, we can use suggest + noun clause with or without that. “Why not postpone the meeting?” He suggested (that) we postpone the meeting. He suggested (that) we should postpone the meeting.

8 Complete the sentences in reported speech
Example: “Let me help you.” My friend offered ________. My friend offered to help me.

9 “Why don’t we go for a walk?”
She suggested ___________ She suggested (that) we (should) go for a walk. “I wasn’t anywhere near the scene of the crime.” The accused claimed _________ The accused claimed (that) he hadn’t been anywhere near the scene of the crime.

10 “This spot is the best place for a picnic.”
My father said ______________ My father said (that) that spot was the best place for a picnic. “Can you answer the phone? I’m having a shower.” He asked his son ______________ He asked his son if he could answer (OR: to answer) the phone because he was having a shower.

11 “I gave you my homework last week.”
The boy insisted _____________ The boy insisted (that) he had given me his homework the week before. “If I were you, I wouldn’t drink so much.” He advised his friend _____________ He advised his friend not to drink so much.

12 “I won’t help you because you didn’t help me.”
A) Joan said ____________ B) Joan refused ___________ A) Joan said (that) she wouldn’t help me because I hadn’t helped her. B) Joan refused to help me because I hadn’t helped her.

13 “I’ll bring it back tomorrow.”
(A) He said _____________ (B) He promised ____________ (A) He said (that) he would bring it back the next day. (B) He promised to bring it back the next day.

14 Reported Speech: Questions
When we report questions, we do not follow the normal question order. Instead, we use the word order of a statement. “Can I leave the room?” becomes: I asked if I could leave the room. “Where are you from?” becomes: She asked where I was from.

15 Yes/No Questions We use if or whether + noun clause
“Are you happy here?” she asked. – becomes: She asked me if / whether I was happy there. “Does he live in a large flat?” she wondered. – becomes: She wondered if / whether he lived in a large flat.

16 We must use whether (not if) when we are asking someone to make a choice:
“Do you want coffee or tea?” they asked. They asked me whether I wanted coffee or tea. We must use whether with the phrase or not. (whether … or not) “Are you going to tell me the answer or not?” she said. She asked him whether he was going to tell her the answer or not.

17 Wh-Questions When we report these questions we use the wh-word: who, where, why, what, when, which or how, how far, how long, how much, how many… “Who built that castle?” she wanted to know.  She wanted to know who had built that castle.

18 Wh-Questions “Where did you go this summer?”
He inquired where we had gone that summer. “How is Johnny getting on at school?” she asked.  She asked how Johnny was getting on at school.

19 Change into indirect questions
“Can I have some more pocket money?” The boy asked ______ The boy asked if /whether/ he could have some more pocket money. “Where were you born?” She asked him _________ She asked him where he had been born.

20 “How far is the stadium?”
He wanted to know __________ He wanted to know how far the stadium was / how far it was to the stadium. “Are you still living in London?” She asked ________ She asked (me) if /whether/ I was still living in London.

21 “Do you work in the central branch or in the provinces?”
She asked him __________ She asked him whether he worked in the central branch or in the provinces. “Are you going to give me the money or not?” She wanted to know ______________ She wanted to know whether I was going to give her the money or not.

22 “Who bought the Picasso painting?”
He wondered _________ He wondered who had bought the Picasso painting. “Did he bring the book back or not?” I didn’t know __________ I didn’t know whether he had brought the book back or not.

23  or  The End


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