1. The Foundations of European Exploration
Chapter 16 Section 2
The Foundations of
European Exploration

2. Section review
natural philosophers relied on religious teachings and classical Greek and Roman literature to explain what?
scientific method in which scientists believed no assumption could be trusted without repeat experimentation
Ptolemy stated the universe was geocentric _____ ________
heliocentric is where the universe is centered around the ___
Newton’s work explained what laws?

3. Improvements in Technology
The Europeans began trying to find new trade routes to the East to make trade easier
Ptolemy had already began drawing maps that portrayed the world as round so people, not knowing about the Americas, believed they could reach Asia by sailing West
New navigation instruments allowed ships to sail beyond the sight of land without getting lost.
European navigators learned that you could rub an iron on a lodestone and magnetize the iron. When they let the iron float on water it would point north

4. If Europeans were going to safely sail to the East they needed better ships. Ships were improved upon by adding sails and moving the rudder from the side of the ship to the rear for better steering and the ability to sail against the wind. Whereas before ships could only sail with the wind and people had to row if they were against the wind

5. Economic Changes
During the Commercial Revolution Europe greatly changed basic economic practices
{People could make $ by sharing in other businesses through joint-stock companies} in which owners raised $ by selling stock in the company.
Investors who bought stock became co-owners and shared in the profits
These companies raised a lot of $ from investors to finance exploration
Through colonization and exploration monarchs got rich and powerful through their conquests

6. Mercantilism
{Mercantilism states that a country’s government should do they could to increase their country’s wealth}
According to this belief there were 2 ways to build wealth.
It could mine gold and silver
Or it could sell more goods than it bought from foreign countries which is called favorable balance of trade
To achieve a favorable balance of trade a country could:
*Reduce the amount of goods coming in from other countries by placing tariffs on imported goods
*Export already manufactured goods, wool clothes are worth more than raw wool.
*Gaining control of overseas sources of raw materials and precious metals
{The government would show its support of domestic industry by providing subsidies,} or grants of $, to make this possible

8. The Role of Colonies
European powers aimed to colonize places that were rich in gold, silver and raw materials.
They then bought those materials from their own colonies so that the $ would remain with its own people
Most forbid their colonies to sell to other nations
Many were also forbidden to buy from other nations or to manufacture goods of their own so they were forced to buy from their home country

9. Social Change
Certain social changes also created the desire to explore and resettle
As the population in Europe increased, towns became crowded {Colonization appealed to Europeans because it offered a chance to escape overcrowding and poverty}
Adventure, curiosity and the spirit of discovery also encouraged people to explore
Thousands were persuaded by tales and fables of extreme wealth in cities such as El Dorado
Finally, the Reformation and Counter-Reformation had led to religious and political persecution. Many left seeking freedom

10. Section Review
People could make $ by sharing in other businesses through what kind of companies?
Mercantilism states that a country’s government should do they could to increase their country’s ______
The government would show its support of domestic industry by providing subsidies which are what?
Why did Colonization appealed to Europeans?

11. We’ll end the presentation with more weird beards