2. The Holocaust

3. France Germany Poland Czechoslovakia Austria Italy Yugoslavia Bulgaria Greece Hungary Rumania Germany Occupied Soviet Union Belgium Holland Denmark Latvia Lithuania Vught Neuengamme Belsen Ravensbruck Sachsenhausen Mittlebaudora Buchenwald Flossenberg Dachau Mauthausen Stuthof Treblinka ChelmnoSobibor Belzec Majdanek Theresiensdadt Grossrosen Auschwitz

4. France Italy Germany Holland Yugoslavia Belgium Poland Czechoslovakia Austria Hungary Denmark Lithuania Latvia Germany Occupied Soviet Union Bulgaria Greece Rumania 300,000 85K 140K 250,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 120,000 67,000 48,000 1,000,000 70,000 710,000 70,000 281,000 140,000 100,000 6,000 Jews during in holocaust Jewish Population in 1941 83,000 28k 106K 180,000 2,600,000 750,000 104,000 70,000 277,000 65,000 402,000 750,000 40,000 65,000 60,000 9,000 100

5. Experimentation  The Nazi’s Used Jews as subjects for experiments:  Altitude  Poison  Organ

6. History of the Reich’s Actions Against Jewry: 1933  President Von Hindenburg appoints Hitler chancellor, empowering him to pass anti Semitic legislation.  Anti-Semitic signs, posters, and graffiti become commonplace in Germany.  First of the Anti-Semitic laws are passed.  Placards outside German businesses and public facilities state “Aryans only; Jews not permitted here” and “Jews will not be served.”

7. 1933 continued….  Books published by Jews burned publicly.  Jews deprived of their German citizenship.  Dachau is opened as the first concentration camp.  Boycott of Jewish businesses begins.  Laws forbid the kosher method of butchering meat.

8. 1934  Laws are passed that authorize sterilization of the “unfit” (homosexuals, physically and/or mentally challenged, criminals, and political opponents).  Jews begin to leave Germany as refugees.

9. 1935  Jews barred from dining cars on railroads.  Nuremburg Laws passed by Reichstag (German Legislature) define Jew by citing heredity and background.  Intermarriage between Jews and Aryans forbidden.  Jewish professionals and civil servants blacklisted.  Jews are segregated socially.  Private Jewish property and businesses confiscated.

10. 1936: Year of the Olympics  Jewish athletes forbidden to compete in Olympics  Jews forbidden to buy real estate  Jews refused admittance to hotels and other public places.

11. 1937  Buchenwald Concentration Camp opens.  Germany focuses all resources on war effort.

12. 1938  Germany annexes Austria and applies all anti-Semitic laws.  Polish Jews are expelled from Germany.  Kristallnacht occurs: vandalism of Jewish property is allowed.  Jews ordered to make amends for Kristalnacht and are eliminated from businesses.  Jews eliminated from cultural life in Germany.  German Jews’ passports marked with letter “J”.

13. 1938 continued…  Jewish children expelled from schools.  Jews ordered to register all belongings, such as real estate, stocks, bonds, and art treasures.  Jewish lawyers disbarred and Jewish doctors lose their licenses.  Local authorities bar Jews from the streets on certain days.  Destruction of synagogues ordered by Third Reich.  Directive by Goering provides for destruction of Jews Houses.

14. 1939  Ghettos established in Poland  Jews required to wear armbands.  Anti-Jewish laws passed in Czechoslovakia.  All German Jews compelled to use the names Sarah or Israel.  German Army orders mass executions of Jews in Poland.

15. 1940  Anti-Jewish laws passed in Romania.  Auschwitz Concentration Camp opens.  Jews ordered to pay special income tax.

16. 1941  Friendly relations with Jews prohibited.  German Jews ordered to wear Star of David patch (on all clothing).  Mass deportation of Jews to concentration camps in Poland.  Romania passes laws forcing adult Jews into labor camps.  Jews massacred at Odessa, USSR.

17. 1941 continued….  Goering orders the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question” to be implemented.  Jews massacred in Eastern Europe.  Chelmno Extermination Camp opens.

18. 1942  Jews not permitted to institute civil suits.  After 1942, the focus of the Third Reich turned from anti-Semitic to total annihilation of European Jews.