1. Ch. 10 WW1

2. 10.1 From Neutrality to War Objectives Identify the causes of WWI
Describe the course and character of the war
Explain why the US entered the conflict on the side of the Allies

3. Causes Nationalism and Imperialism
Europe-belief that nations should have one ethnic group
France-wanted to regain Alsace-Lorraine from Germany
Serbia wanted area of Austria-Hungary where Serbs lived
Economic goals

4. Causes Cont. Militarism Alliances Glorification of the military
Arms race-Germany building HUGE army and weapons. Britain-largest navy
Alliances
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente: France, Russia, Great Britain

5. Causes Cont. Assassination
June 14th 1914-Archduke Francis Ferdinand traveling with wife to Sarajevo (province of Bosnia)
Group of ethnic Serbs believed Bosnia belonged to Serbia
Shot dead with wife in car

6. The Fighting Begins Alliances cause chain reaction
Germany assures Austria-Hungary of support
Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia demanding investigation of assassination or war
Serbia does not comply-Austria-Hungary declares war

8. Chain Reaction
Russia mobilizes for war Germany declares war on Russia France declares war on Germany Germany declares war on neural Belgium (access to France) Great Britain declares war on Germany

9. Technology leads to Stalemate
Germany takes Belgium and moved into France
Dug trenches and used machine guns
France and Britain counterattack
450 miles of trenches from Belgium to Switzerland=Western Front
Extremely deadly war-poison gas
Stalemate-ineffective offensives and effective defenses

10. Trench Warfare “trench foot”, lice, constant fear
“no man’s land” between enemy trenches
Casualties- millions!

11. Wilson Urges Neutrality
At first-American view was neutral or isolationist
Immigrants conflicted in feeling of loyalty
German invasion of Belgium changed minds
3 groups:
Isolationist
Interventionist
internationalist

12. America Enters War Britain blockades Germany of essential goods
Germany responds by sinking ships with U-boats
Sunk British passenger ship Lusitania
Again-French passenger ship Sussex
1915-Wilson starts preparing for war
National Defense Act
Naval Construction Act

13. Cont. Wilson wins re-election Jan. 1917 Zimmerman Note
Germany sent to Mexico asking for alliance
If U.S. declares war on Germany, Mexico declares war on U.S.
In return-Mexico would get Texas, New Mexico and Arizona back
U.S. declares war April 16, 1917

14. 10.2 The Home Front Objectives:
Analyze how the American government mobilized the public to support the war effort
Describe opposition to the war
Outline significant social changes that occurred during the war

15. America Mobilizes for War
Selective Service Act
1917-authorized a draft for military service
Gov. held “great national lottery”
Peace time to war time economy
Gov. determined what crops were grown, what products were produced, etc
WIB-War Industry Board
Bernard Baruch
Regulated all industries engaged in war effort
Conservation of food

16. Cont.
Public opinion
Committee on Public Information (CPI)-convince public the war was just
George Creel-director

17. Opposition and its Consequences
Resistance to the Draft
People refused to cooperate-put in jail
Conscientious objectors-moral or religious beliefs forbid them to fight in war
Women work for peace
1st woman in the House voted against war
Many feminists opposed

18. Cont. Espionage Act 1917 Sedition Act 1918
Allowed postal authorities to ban treasonable newspapers, magazines, or printed material, from the mail
Sedition Act 1918
Unlawful to use disloyal or profane language about the government
Upheld by Schneck v. United States

19. Cont. Prejudice Against German Americans
Stopped teaching German in schools, playing German music
Asked German Americans to prove loyalty

20. War Changes American Society
Women
Entered workforce when men left for war
Helped them win the right to vote. Backed by Pres. Wilson
African Americans
Great Migration
Left homes in the South and moved North
Mexican Americans
Came to the US for work
Lived in barrios

21. 10.3 Wilson, War, and Peace Objectives
Understand how the United States military contributed to the Allied victory in the war
Describe the aims of the 14 Points
Analyze the decisions made at the Paris Peace Conference
Explain why the United States Senate refused to ratify the treaty ending WWI

22. The government relied extensively on emotional appeals and hate propaganda to rally support for the First World War, which most Americans regarded as a distant “European” affair. This poster used gendered imagery to evoke the brutal German violation of Belgian neutrality in August 1914

23. Worried about the public’s enthusiasm for the war, the government employed all the arts of psychology and propaganda to sustain the martial spirit. The prewar song “I Didn’t Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier” was changed to “I Didn’t Raise My Boy to Be a Slacker,” which in turn inspired the cruel parody “I Didn’t Raise My Boy to Be a Sausage.”

24. Liberty hound

26. America Gives the Allies the Edge
Protect Shipping
Convoys-groups of merchant ships sailing together, protected by warships
Russia Struggling
Revolution-new radical communist leader Vladimir Lenin
Drop out of war March 1918
Germany launches all-out offensive on Western Front

27. Cont. American troops arrive in France June 1917
General John Pershing
Ended German offensive
U.S. troops distinguish themselves
Fought many battles with French-dislodged the Germans
1.3 million served, 50,000 dead, 230,000 wounded

29. The noted artist captures the horror of trench warfare in World War I
The noted artist captures the horror of trench warfare in World War I. The enemy was often distant and unseen, and death came impersonally from gas or artillery fire. American troops, entering the line only in the war’s final days, were only briefly exposed to this kind of brutal fighting.

30. Cont. War ends American troops give Allies the advantage
End of 1918, Germany and Austria-Hungary had enough….Surrendered Nov. 11, 1918 Compiegne, France

31. Approximate Comparative Losses in World War I

32. Wilson Promotes Peace Without Victory
Lenin exposed multiple land treaties Russia had with other Allies
Wilson said war was about “peace and freedom”
Jan Points
Promotes openness, independence, freedom
Self-determination
League of Nations

33. A prophetic reflection of the view that the failure to smash Germany completely would lead to another world war.

34. Cont. 1919 Peace conference in Versailles, France
Did not invite Republicans, made them angry!
British and French Prime Ministers wanted Germany to pay reparations and France wanted land back
Allies didn’t like all of the 14 points-Kept the League of Nations

35. Wilson in Dover, England, 1919

36. Problems with Peace New map caused problems
Ottoman Empire broken up-ethnic groups divided

37. America Rejects the Treaty
German and Irish Americans didn’t like it
Irreconcilables
Reservationists
Wilson traveled across country promoting
Senate defeats treaty
Without full American support, League failed