1. II. Basis of Citizenship

2. A. National Citizenship
Founders let states decide who was a citizen
Naturalization – Legal process by which a person is granted the rights and privileges of a citizen

3. B. Dred Scott V. Sandford Dred Scott – Was a slave from Missouri
His slaveholder took Scott to Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory(present-day Minnesota), which was a free state
1846 – Scott sued for his freedom claiming his residence in a free state made him free

4. “Once Free, Always Free” – Legal precedent that did not allow slave owners to bring their slaves with them to a free territory
1857 – Supreme Court hears Scott’s case
Court rules 7-2 against Scott
All 9 justices wrote opinions

5. Dred Scott

7. Scott v. Stanford 1857 – Primary Source

9. Doctrine of Interstate Comity – Laws in one state are accepted by other states
Can you think of examples today where states might have an issue with interstate comity?

10. C. Court’s Ruling
African Americans were not citizens when the Constitution was written
Had no claim to citizenship
Congress was also not allowed to forbid slavery in any United States territory – Overturned the Missouri Compromise

11. Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it violated the 5th Amendment
“No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law”

12. Chief Justice Taney

13. Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 – Primary Source

14. D. Civil War Amendments
Most important constitutional issue in American history was decided by the Civil War
How much authority should be granted to states and how much should be granted to the federal government?

15. 13th Amendment (1865) – Outlawed slavery
14th Amendment (1868) – People of all races born in the United States are citizens
Overturned the Dred Scott decision
15th Amendment (1870) – Men of all race are allowed to vote

16. E. Citizenship by Birth
Jus Soli – “Law of the soil,” all people born in the United States
Jus Sanguinis – “Law of blood,” all people born in another country to American parents
One parent must have legal residence

17. Fourteenth Amendment – Primary Source

18. Fifteenth Amendment – Primary Source

19. Which of these 2008 presidential candidates was not born on U.S. soil?

20. F. Citizenship by Naturalization
Naturalized citizens have most of the rights of native-born citizens
Qualifications
1) Entered the U.S. legally
2) Good moral character
3)Support the U.S. government
4) Prove that they can read, write, and speak English
5) Have basic knowledge of U.S. history and government

21. G. Steps to Citizenship Must fill a petition requesting citizenship
Be at least 18
Must be legal resident of U.S.
Pass the citizenship test
Two witnesses must testify on person’s character and integrity
Final Hearing – Take the oath of citizenship and become official citizens

22. Swearing in of new American citizens

23. H. Losing Citizenship
Only the federal government can take away citizenship
Expatriation – Giving up one’s citizenship by becoming a citizen in another country
People may lose citizenship because they commit federal crimes or lie during naturalization process