1. The Living Rainforest Sustainable Greenhouses Gerard Bot 1, Karl Hansen 2, Andrew Logan 2, Henk Witte 3 and Feije de Zwart 1 1 Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture 2 The Living Rainforest, Hampstead Norris, UK 3 Groenholland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

2. Introduction Sustainable greenhouses Seasonal energy storage To be realised Link to production greenhouses

3. The Living Rainforest? Introduction Charity, demonstrates the ecology of the living rainforest to the general public renovation of existing buildings: show case for sustainability demonstrate the link between ecology and sustainability

4. Sustainable greenhouses Greenhouse properties for low heat demand: cover insulation energy friendly climate control: climate settings and strategy efficient conversion of primary energy to heat the “engine” of the greenhouse

5. cover k-value (W/m 2 K) single glass5.7 Double or 1+screen3.0 triple or 2+screen2.3 HR++*1.6 Vacuum glas*1.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 0123456 k (W/m2K) Rel. Econs (%) boiler Cover insulation and heat demand

6. cover k-value (W/m 2 K) single glass5.7 Double or 1+screen3.0 triple or 2+screen2.3 HR++*1.6 Vacuum glas*1.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 0123456 k (W/m2K) Rel. Econs (%) boiler Cover insulation and heat demand

7. heat-demand energy in: boiler heat demand energy in: work Heat Pump seasonal storage

8. Cover insulation and heat demand

9. Seasonal storage Aquifer: 2 wells at different temperature

10. filling warm aquifer emptying cold aquifer (greenhouse is cooled) 17 o C 7 o C heat exchanger Summer period: excess heat

11. Winter period 17 o C 7 o C heat pump heat exchanger emptying warm aquifer: greenhouse is heated filling cold aquifer

12. Seasonal storage Aquifer: 2 wells at different temperature energy storage: specific geological conditions Ground Source Heat Exchanger: passive storage via boreholes not available at TLR

14. Heat Pump:

15. Average GSHE fluid temperatures year 1 till 5 for different strategies emphasis on heating balanced emphasis on cooling

16. Average GSHE fluid temperature for year 1 to 25 (final stage) with emphasis on cooling the building Design: number of boreholes and depth from local geology and dynamic interaction of GSHE and greenhouse for 25 y

17. To be realised: Climate control: high RH desired Energy conversion: - GSHE + Heat Pump - wood fired boiler for back-up Cover: TLR light is not a bottle neck: k= 1.5 – 2 Wm -2 K -1 Energy system of greenhouses, offices and visitors centre integrated

18. TLR show case general public: - principles applicable at home - link ecology and sustaibnability production greenhouses: demonstrates sustainable operation visualises application bottlenecks

19. Thank you for your attention