1. Mr. Skirbst Earth Science Topic 23
Rocks
Mr. Skirbst
Earth Science
Topic 23

2. Hard substance made of one or more minerals
Rocks
Hard substance made of one or more minerals

3. 3 Rock Groups
Igneous

4. “ignis” – Latin for fire
3 Rock Groups
Igneous
“ignis” – Latin for fire

5. 3 Rock Groups Igneous “ignis” – Latin for fire
formed from molten material

6. 3 Rock Groups Igneous “ignis” – Latin for fire
formed from molten material
magma – beneath surface
lava – above surface

7. 3 Rock Groups Igneous “ignis” – Latin for fire
formed from molten material
magma – beneath surface
lava – above surface
Ex. Basalt, obsidian, granite

8. 3 Rock Groups
2. Sedimentary

9. formed from deposited particles (called sediments)
3 Rock Groups
Sedimentary
formed from deposited particles (called sediments)

10. 3 Rock Groups Sedimentary
formed from deposited particles (called sediments)
Ex. Sandstone, limestone, shale

11. 3 Rock Groups
3. Metamorphic

12. 3 Rock Groups
3. Metamorphic “meta”-change; “morph” -form

13. 3 Rock Groups
3. Metamorphic “meta”-change; “morph” -form Formed from other rocks due to heat and/or pressure and/or chemistry changes

14. 3 Rock Groups
3. Metamorphic “meta”-change; “morph” -form Formed from other rocks due to heat and/or pressure and/or chemistry changes Ex. Gneiss, marble, schist, quartzite

15. Classified by composition and texture
Igneous Rocks
Classified by composition and texture

16. Igneous Rocks
Composition (based on color)

17. Igneous Rocks
Composition (based on color) - Mostly light (rich in quartz)

18. Igneous Rocks
Composition (based on color) - Mostly light (rich in quartz) - Mostly dark (rich in augite)

19. Igneous Rocks
Texture (based on crystal size)

20. Igneous Rocks
Texture (based on crystal size) - Extrusive (volcanic)

21. Igneous Rocks
Texture (based on crystal size) - Extrusive (volcanic) Cool quickly – small crystals

22. Igneous Rocks
Texture (based on crystal size) - Extrusive (volcanic) Cool quickly – small crystals Ex. Basalt, obsidian, pumice)

23. Igneous Rocks
Texture (based on crystal size) - Intrusive (plutonic – named for Roman god Pluto of the underworld)

24. Igneous Rocks
Texture (based on crystal size) - Intrusive (plutonic – named for Roman god Pluto of the underworld) Cool slowly – large crystals

25. Igneous Rocks
Texture (based on crystal size) - Intrusive (plutonic – named for Roman god Pluto of the underworld) Cool slowly – large crystals Ex. Granite, pegmatite

26. Sedimentary Rocks
3 Categories (based on origin of material)

27. Sedimentary Rocks
1. Clastic – made of fragments

28. Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments
Ex. Conglomerate, sandstone, shale)

29. Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments Organic – from organics
(dead plants or animals)

30. Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments Organic – from organics
(dead plants or animals)
Ex. Limestone, chalk, coal

31. Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments Organic – from organics
3. Chemical – from inorganic processes like evaporation

32. Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments Organic – from organics
Chemical – from inorganic
Ex. Rock salt, gypsum, calcite

33. Metamorphic Rocks

34. Metamorphic Rocks
2 groups based on grain texture

35. Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated (Latin for leaf)

36. Metamorphic Rocks Foliated (Latin for leaf)
Layers thin and flat (like leaves)

37. Metamorphic Rocks Foliated (Latin for leaf)
Layers thin and flat (like leaves)
Tend to break along bands

38. Metamorphic Rocks Foliated (Latin for leaf)
Layers thin and flat (like leaves)
Tend to break along bands
Ex. Schist, slate, gneiss

39. Metamorphic Rocks
Unfoliated

40. Metamorphic Rocks
Unfoliated
Not banded

41. Metamorphic Rocks
Unfoliated
Not banded
Do not break along bands

42. Metamorphic Rocks Unfoliated Not banded Do not break along bands
Ex. Marble, quartzite

43. Rock Cycle

44. Rock Cycle
Magma / Lava

45. Rock Cycle
cooling
crystalization
Magma / Lava

46. Rock Cycle
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
cooling
crystalization
Magma / Lava

47. Rock Cycle IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava
weathering
transporting
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
cooling
crystalization
Magma / Lava

48. Rock Cycle Sediments IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava
weathering
transporting
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
cooling
crystalization
Magma / Lava

49. Rock Cycle Sediments lithification IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling
weathering
transporting
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
cooling
crystalization
Magma / Lava

50. Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Sediments
weathering
transporting
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
cooling
crystalization
Magma / Lava

51. Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Sediments
chemical changes
heating / pressure
weathering
transporting
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
cooling
crystalization
Magma / Lava

52. Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS ROCKS cooling
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Sediments
chemical changes
heating / pressure
weathering
transporting
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
cooling
crystalization
Magma / Lava

53. Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS ROCKS cooling
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Sediments
chemical changes
heating / pressure
weathering
transporting
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
cooling
melting
crystalization
Magma / Lava

54. Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS ROCKS cooling
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Sediments
chemical changes
heating / pressure
weathering
transporting
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
cooling
melting
crystalization
Magma / Lava

55. Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS ROCKS cooling
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Sediments
chemical changes
heating / pressure
weathering
transporting
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
cooling
melting
crystalization
Magma / Lava

56. Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS ROCKS cooling
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Sediments
chemical changes
heating / pressure
weathering
transporting
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
cooling
melting
crystalization
Magma / Lava