1. 8-1 Scheduling Scheduling Defined Gantt Charts Network Techniques: PERT and CPM Determining Task Durations Probability and Simulation Some Examples

2. 8-2 Scheduling Defined The conversion of a project action plan into an operating timetable Serves as the basis for monitoring and controlling the project A major tool for the management of projects

3. 8-3 Some Benefits of Successful Scheduling Illustrates interdependence of all tasks Identifies times when resources must be available Facilitates communication throughout the project Determines critical activities/critical path Affects client expectations through establishment of activities, milestones, and completion dates

4. 8-4 A Process for Scheduling 1. Think 2. List activities 3. Arrange activities considering precedence and relationships 4. Develop Gantt charts and PERT/CPM networks 5. Determine critical activities/critical path 6. Crash and adjust as necessary

5. 8-5 Gantt Charts Advantages Easy to understand Easy to show progress and status Easy to maintain Most popular view to communicate project status to client and/or senior management Disadvantages Can be superficial Not always easy to see precedence, relationships JAN FEBMAR 1815222951219265121926

6. 8-6 PERT/CPM Network Charts Advantages Allows visualization of task relationships Facilitates calculation of critical path Clarifies impact of decisions on downstream activities Disadvantages Complex, not easy to comprehend at a glance Charts don’t readily depict durations, dates, progress

7. 8-7 Look at a Simple Network, for a Simple Project Activity ABCDEFABCDEF Duration (weeks) 14 3 7 4 10 Predecessor Start A,B B C,D E

8. 8-8 A Simple Network (AON) (cont’d) Start A14C3 E4F10 B3D7 Finish Calculate: Critical Path Project Duration

9. 8-9 The Critical Path Start A14C3 E4F10 B3D7 Finis h ES = 0 EF = 14 ES = 14 EF = 17 ES = 17 EF = 21 ES = 21 EF = 31 ES = 0 EF = 3 ES = 3 EF = 10 = Critical Path

10. 8-10 Determining Slack How much slack is there Where is it? How do you know? Why might you care?

11. 8-11 Determining Slack (cont’d) Start A14C3 E4F10 B3D7 Finish ES = 0 EF = 14 LS = 0 LF = 14 ES = 14 EF = 17 LS = 14 LF = 17 ES = 17 EF = 21 LS = 17 LF = 21 ES = 21 EF = 31 LS = 21 LF = 31 ES = 0 EF = 3 LS = 7 LF = 10 ES = 3 EF = 10 LS = 10 LF = 17 Work Back...

12. 8-12 Determining Slack (cont’d) Start A14C3 E4F10 B3D7 Finish ES = 0 EF = 14 LS = 0 LF = 14 ES = 14 EF = 17 LS = 14 LF = 17 ES = 17 EF = 21 LS = 17 LF = 21 ES = 21 EF = 31 LS = 21 LF = 31 ES = 0 EF = 3 LS = 7 LF = 10 ES = 3 EF = 10 LS = 10 LF = 17 Slack = LS - ES CP = 0 Slack, where ES = LS What does all this mean?

13. 8-13 Three Sequential Activities, AON Format

14. 8-14 Activity Network, AON Format

15. 8-15 Activity Network, AOA Format

16. 8-16 Sample of Network Construction, Figure 8-5AONAOA

17. 8-17 Sample of Network Construction, Figure 8-6AONAOA

18. 8-18 Sample of Network Construction, Figure 8-7AONAOA

19. 8-19 Networking Concurrent Activities, Figure 8-8

20. 8-20 Activity c Not Required for e, Figure 8-9

21. 8-21 Showing Precedents, Figure 8-10

22. 8-22 MSP Gantt Chart, Figure 8-11

23. 8-23 MSP AON Network, Figure 8-12

24. 8-24 An AON Network for a 10- Activity Project, Figure 8-13

25. 8-25 Distribution of Possible Activity Times, Figure 8-14

26. 8-26 AON Network with Durations and Variances, Figure 8-15

27. 8-27 AON Network with Earliest/Latest Start/Finish Times, Figure 8-16

28. 8-28 Gantt Chart of Table 8-4, Figure 8-17

29. 8-29 AON Network of Table 8-4, Figure 8-18

30. 8-30 MSP Gantt Chart of Table 8-4, Figure 8-19

31. 8-31 MSP Gantt Chart, Video Project, Figure 8-20

32. 8-32 MSP AON Network, Video Project, Figure 8-21

33. 8-33 MSP Calendar, Video Project, Figure 8-22

34. 8-34 MSP Calendar, Video Project, Figure 8-22 (continued)

35. 8-35 MSP Gantt Chart, Video Project, Figure 8-23

36. 8-36 Probability Distribution, Figure 8-24

37. 8-37 a, m, and b Estimates, Figure 8-25

38. 8-38 Crystal Ball ® 2000 Spreadsheet, Figure 8-26

39. 8-39 CB Frequency Chart, Figure 8-27

40. 8-40 CB Summary Statistics, Figure 8-28

41. 8-41 CB Percentile Probabilities, Figure 8-29

42. 8-42 CB Cumulative Probability Chart, Figure 8-30

43. 8-43 Precedence Diagramming Conventions, Figure 8-31

44. 8-44 Sample GERT Network, Figure 8-33

45. 8-45 Apartment Complex Network, Figure 8-35