1. LOS COGNADOS Cognates are words from two different languages that are the same or similar. These words sound the same and have the same meaning. el teléfono – telephone el elefante – elephant la radio – radio la televisión – television

2. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 1 Words that end in –ous change to –oso curious - curioso delicious - delicioso mysterious - misterioso precious - precioso religious - religioso

3. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 2 Words that end in –al are usually the same in English hospital - hospital animal - animal casual - casual digital - digital final - final ideal - ideal tropical - tropical

4. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 3 Words that end in –ct change to –cto act - acto exact - exacto correct - correcto insect - insecto perfect - perfecto product - producto conflict - conflicto

5. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 4 Words that end in –ance change to –ancia ambulance - ambulancia France - Francia distance - distancia tolerance - tolerancia elegance - elegancia importance - importancia

6. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 5 Words that end in –ic change to –ico basic - básico fantastic - fantástico organic - orgánico panic - pánico romantic - romántico

7. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 6 Words that end in –ar are usually the same in English lunar - lunar muscular - muscular regular - regular solar - solar similar - similar popular - popular

8. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 7 Words that end in –ary change to –ario canary - canario diary - diario glossary - glossario primary - primario vocabulary - vocabulario temporary - temporario

9. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 8 Words that end in –ant change to –ante distant - distante elegant - elegante important - importante vacant - vacante tolerant - tolerante instant - instante

10. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 9 Words that end in –ble are usually the same in English terrible - terrible destructible - destructible horrible - horrible flexible - flexible impossible - imposible visible - visible

11. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 10 Words that end in –ence change to –encia competence - competencia difference - diferencia excellence - excelencia frequence - frecuencia intelligence - inteligencia violence - violencia

12. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 11 Words that end in –id change to –ido Note: many words following this rule have an accent on the first syllable. rapid - rápido solid - sólido stupid - estúpido liquid - líquido vivid - vívido

13. LOS COGNADOS Spanish Cognate Rule 12 Words that end in –ment change to –mento argument - argumento cement - cemento department - departmento document - documento element - dlemento moment - momento

14. LOS COGNADOS FALSOS **Be careful though, some words that look like they are surely the same are not. These are called “false cognates”. sopa – soup éxito – success nombre – name ropa – clothing mano – hand embarazada – pregnant