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Financing Special Education in New Jersey Sponsored by the New Jersey School Boards Association By Mari Molenaar, Ed.D. and Michael Luciano
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Funding Recommendations Fully fund $1.9 billion in excess costs Provide $171 million more in aid now Set a single state funding rate No extraneous factors in aid (e.g., poverty)
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Educational Recommendations Invest in Professional Development –General Ed. Teacher Training on Special Ed. –Intervention and Referral Services –Multi-Sensory Phonics Based Reading –Instructional Aides Training
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Analysis of Data NJ Department of Education –2005 Audit Summary –Application for State School Aid –Annual Data Reports from OSEP Survey of Districts - 51% return rate 34 District Visits 24 Exemplary programs identified
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Findings Special education programs costs in NJ are over $3.3 billion per year SE per pupil costs are $16,081 GE per pupil costs are $10,077 SE costs 1.6 times GE student Source: 2005 Audit Summary
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Cost Drivers Tuition for out-of-district schools Transportation to out-of-district schools Federal and State mandates Preschool autism programs Related Services increases –(speech, counseling, occupational and physical therapy) Resource programs (in-class; pullout)
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Separate School Tuition Rates TypeAverage Tuition2006 Enrollment Public*$32,000-33,800 7,282 Private$44,00012,800 Educational Services Commissions Special Services School Districts Regional Day Schools * Public Separate School TypesSources: Telephone survey of public separate schools, Annual Data Report and Approved private school tuition rates
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Staffing Trends 1995-2005 1995: 7 students to each SE staff member 2005: 5 students to each SE staff member Special ed. preschool teachers doubled Resource teachers up 70% Related services up 25% –(speech, counseling, occupational and physical therapy) Source: Annual Data Reports to NJ Office of Special Ed. Programs
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Shared Services Transportation and scheduling Coordination among programs Allocation of costs among districts Impediments to further sharing: Transportation Child Study Team services Related service providers Classes for low incidence disabilities Professional development Current Shared Services:
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Revenue Sources 4% 28% 2% 9% 57% SE Share of GE Aid SE Aid Extraordinary Fed IDEA Local Taxes Not Shown: Medicaid Reimbursement 0.03% Source: 2005 Audit Summary
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Trends in Funding Tiers 2000-2004 Tier I Related Services Tier II Mild Disabilities Tier III Moderate Disabilities Tier IV Severe Disabilities, Intensive Services Per Pupil Aid 2004 $305$3,260$5,975$13,037 Students 2004 163,086108,90558,33431,556 Change in Students 2000-2004 +26.3%-4.1%+47.5%+65.9%
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YearApplications (in millions) Appropriations (in millions) Percent Funded 2002$56$1426% 2003$82$1518% 2004$110$5247% 2005$143$5236% 2006$175$5230% 2007$223$5223% Aid for Extraordinary Costs Source: Application for State School Aid
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Source: Office of Special Education Programs Federal Funding Formula Base: IDEA Aid from 1996-1997 Census: Enrollment of all students Poverty: Number of students receiving free or low cost lunched
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Comparison of Poverty Rates Special Ed. vs. General Ed. Special Ed. Poverty Rate: 23.7% General Ed. Poverty Rate: 20.1% Difference: 3.6%
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Funding Issues State aid funds only 34% of SE expenditures State aid was frozen at $978 million for 4 years Transportation aid was frozen for 7 years Federal covers only 9% of SE expenditures Local property taxes pay 57% of SE costs
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District Visits Perspective of the Directors of Special Services
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Exemplary Programs Alternative Education AutisticHSPA Prep LRE-InclusionLiteracy Multiply Disabled Preschool Disabled Professional Development Support
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Financing Special Education in New Jersey www.njsba.org/specialeducation Mari Molenaar, Ed.D. and Michael Luciano
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