1. Iron Production Ore, lime, coke Waste gas Hot air Slag out
Molten iron out

2. Export prices (c&f) US$/t
Price of Iron and Steel
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Export prices (c&f) US$/t
This graph reflects our own invoiced prices of hot rolled coil and low carbon wire rod converted to a C & F price base. As mentioned earlier the price movements of these two products mirror the global steel price cycle and are indicative of price trends in the flat and long products markets
There has been a profound change for the better in the steel industry since 2003 from the viewpoint of steel producers. This favorable steel industry outlook is expected to remain for the foreseeable future and is a function of:
Strong steel demand growth
Ever increasing concentration of the steel producing industry
The failure of the Chinese steel overcapacity to destroy the improved competitive environment for steel companies outside of China.
Year on year the average price for hot rolled coil in 2007 increased by 22% while low carbon wire rod increased by 26%. During 2006 hot rolled coil decreased by 5% while low carbon wire rod increased by 4%.
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
HRC
Low carbon wire rod

3. Ironmaking in the Blast Furnace Plant
Bell Less Top
Sinter
Coke
Gas Cleaning
Hot Blast Stoves
Stock House
Gasholder
Scrubber
Stockhouse: screening and weighing of burden materials
Bell less top: proper distribution of burden materials in the furnace
Gas cleaning: cleaning of bf-topgas in two steps: 1. dry dust catcher for coarse particles
2. Wet scrubber for final cleaning
Gasholder: big vessel to buffer flow and pressure fluctuations
Hot blast stoves: regenerative heat exchanger for heating of hot blast
Hot Metal: liquid hot iron
Slag: liquid byproducts (CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO)
Blower: generates compressed air
Enrichment Gas
Slag, Hot Metal
Combustion Air
Blower
Combustion Gas

4. Materials Iron Ore Flux Coke S Hematite Fe2O3 Limonite Fe2O3. xH2O
Magnetite Fe3O4
Siderite FeCO3
Iron
Ore
Fe content : %
SiO2
Al2O3
CaO
MgO
P, As S
- unwanted, less than 0,15%
Flux
Lime, dolomite CaMgCO3 , CaO
Coke
Metallurgical coke

5. Preparing processes Coke production Sintering high-quality coal
Ore
Coal
COKE OVEN PLANT
SINTER PLANT
Gas
Coke production
Sintering
high-quality coal
without oxygen
900 – 1150°C
12 – 24 hn

6. Preparing processes Preparation of hot air
Hot Blast Stoves
Combustion Air
Blower
Combustion Gas
Preparation of hot air
fire-clay lattices is heated up to 1200°C
cold air is introduced and heated up to °C

7. Blast Furnace Top Gas Mains Top Bins Throat Armour Above Burden Probe
Temperature Probe
Refractory Lining
Sub Burden Probe
Burden probes: temperature and gas probes to control the distribution of the burden materials
Throat armour: high resistant metal plates to protect the refractories from dropping burden materials
Bustle main: ring pipe for hot blast
Tuyeres: water cooled nozzles for hot blast injection
Hearth refractories: temperature resistant materials (mainly carbon)
Bustle Main
Tuyeres
Hearth Refractories

8. Main reactions in blast furnace

9. Bilance výroby Vysoká pec 1t surového železa Koks Vápenec Ruda (50%Fe)
3.5 t plynu
1t surového železa

10. Products Pig Iron Chemical composition Fe C Si Mn P S 90-95% 3,0-4,3%
0,5-3,0%
0,05-2%
do 0,1%
Pig Iron

11. Products
Pig Iron is being casted to:
TORPEDO LADLE
ingot

12. MgO, MnO, FeO, CaS, MnS, P2O5, BaS, atd.
Products
Chemical composition
SiO2
CaO
Al2O3
MgO, MnO, FeO, CaS, MnS, P2O5, BaS, atd.
26-40%
36-48%
10-20%
negligible
Slags
bazic
(CaO + MgO)/SiO2 = 1,0 – 1,5

13. Products Stock gas Chemical composition CO2 CO H2 CH4 N2
8-14%
23-32%
1-4%
0,2-0,4%
55-60%
Stock gas
fly ash ( g/m3)
m3 gas per 1t of coke
fuel value 3700 – 4200 kJ/m3