1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Objectives Describe three ways that fungi cause disease in humans. List three ways that fungi contribute to good health. Provide examples of fungi’s industrial importance. List three types of food that fungi provide.

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Human Fungal Diseases Fungi can cause disease in humans when humans inhale airborne spores, when they eat food contaminated by toxic fungi, when toxic fungi come in contact with skin, or when they accidentally eat poisonous mushrooms.

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Human Fungal Diseases Common Fungal Infections –Examples of common fungal infections include ringworm, athlete’s foot, and yeast infection.

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Human Fungal Diseases, continued Other Fungal Illnesses Pathogenic fungi that cause serious disease include Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Coccidioides immitis. H. capsulatum is associated with bird feces.

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Fungi in Industry Various fungi are used in the production of vitamin B 2, cortisone, penicillin and other antibiotics, and some genetically engineered drugs.

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 Fungi and Humans Chapter 26 Fungi in Industry, continued Fungi and Food Industries –Fungi are used in the production of familiar foods such as cheeses, bread, beer, wines, and soy products.

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice 1. What are fungi that feed on decaying organic matter called? A. parasites B. mutualists C. symbionts D. saprophytes Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 1. What are fungi that feed on decaying organic matter called? A. parasites B. mutualists C. symbionts D. saprophytes Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 2. Lichens represent a symbiotic association between a fungus and which other type of organism? F. an alga G. a plant H. a mold J. a rhizoid Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 2. Lichens represent a symbiotic association between a fungus and which other type of organism? F. an alga G. a plant H. a mold J. a rhizoid Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 3. In a mycorrhiza, a fungus lives in a symbiotic relationship with which of the following? A. a virus B. a plant C. a bacterium D. a slime mold Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 3. In a mycorrhiza, a fungus lives in a symbiotic relationship with which of the following? A. a virus B. a plant C. a bacterium D. a slime mold Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued The diagram below shows the fruiting bodies of a type of fungus. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow. Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 4. What is the structure labeled X called? F. a hypha G. a zygote H. a sporangium J. a sporangiospore Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 4. What is the structure labeled X called? F. a hypha G. a zygote H. a sporangium J. a sporangiospore Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 5. To what phylum does the fungus in the diagram above belong? A. Ascomycota B. Zygomycota C. Basidiomycota D. fungi imperfecti Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 5. To what phylum does the fungus in the diagram above belong? A. Ascomycota B. Zygomycota C. Basidiomycota D. fungi imperfecti Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 6. septa : septum :: asci : F. ascus G. ascocarp H. ascospore J. ascogonium Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 6. septa : septum :: asci : F. ascus G. ascocarp H. ascospore J. ascogonium Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued The diagram below shows the typical structure of a member of the phylum Basidiomycota. Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows. Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 7. Which structure is responsible for meeting the food requirements of the organism shown? A. F B. G C. H D. J Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

22. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Multiple Choice, continued 7. Which structure is responsible for meeting the food requirements of the organism shown? A. F B. G C. H D. J Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

23. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Short Response Fungi are important decomposers that break down organic matter. Explain how fungi contribute to nutrient recycling in the environment. Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Short Response, continued Fungi are important decomposers that break down organic matter. Explain how fungi contribute to nutrient recycling in the environment. Answer: Fungi break down organic compounds in decaying material, making the chemicals available for other organisms. Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26 Extended Response Base your answers to parts A & B on the information below. Fungi are major competitors with humans for food. Part A Explain what needs humans and fungi have in common. Part B Explain why fungi could easily win the battle for nutrients.

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Standardized Test Prep Chapter 26 Extended Response, continued Answer: Part A Fungi and humans both need water and other nutrients from the environment. They both depend on autotrophs for food. Part B Fungi are able to reproduce more rapidly than humans.