1. The Opisthokont Clade Fungi Choanoflagellates Animals IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1. Overview:

2. http://sharon-taxonomy2009-p2.wikispaces.com/Fungi IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan”

3. http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/node/98 http://www.rhizomes.net/issue15/groves/index.html IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan” mycelium

4. Earliest fungal-like fossils (septate networks) date to 1.4 bya, lived in benthic marine habitats. Fungi remain important decomposers in marine and freshwater ecosystems Colonized land in Cambrian, before plants; maybe as lichenous symbiotes. Prototaxites of the Silurian was 8m tall and 1m wide! http://scienceblogs.com/zooillogix/2007/04/giant_prehistoric_organism_ide.php Big mushrooms IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan”

5. http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/node/98 http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/N-D%20Fungi/n- dfungi.htm IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan” 3.Ecological Roles - decomposers http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/16ecosys.htm http://www.carleton.ca/toxin/ http://www.mdfrc.org.au/projects/education/willi amsthesis.htm

6. IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan” 3.Ecological Roles - decomposers - parasites/pathogens/predators http://doctorexclusive.com/?cat=126 http://herbarium.usu.edu/fungi/funfacts/a nt_fung.htm http://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/PDDCEducation/MasterGardener/General/Slide12.htm http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/N-D%20Fungi/n- dfungi.htm

7. http://sarcozona.org/2009/03/18/what-do-you-know/ Arbuscular mycorrhizae – found in 80% of vascular plant families; in oldest vascular plant fossils (Rhynie Chert – 420 mya) IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan” 3.Ecological Roles - symbionts http://www.elkhornslough.org/sloughlife /plants/lichen.htm Lichens: fungus + algae or cyanobacteria

8. Increase absorptive surface area of root system Secreted enzymes increase absorption of N and P in particular Can connect to plants of different plant species, and even transfer nutrients between them One species may attract and poison insects (springtails), and digest and absorb their nitrogen (up to 25% of a plants nitrogen budget!) Present in oldest vascular plant fossils, and molecular analyses confirm an ancient association which may have been critical for plants to colonize land http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ent/no tes/Urban/springtails.htm http://directory.leadmaverick.com/Denton-Pest- Control-Service/DallasFort- WorthArlington/TX/10/10739/index.aspx IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan” 3.Ecological Roles - symbionts

9. Phylogeny of the fungal kingdom. Galagan J E et al. Genome Res. 2005;15:1620-1631 ©2005 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

10. http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20102/bio%20102%20lectures/fungi/fungi.htm IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan” 3.Ecological Roles 4.Generalized Life Cycle

11. http://sharonapbio-taxonomy.wikispaces.com/Fungi IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan” 3.Ecological Roles 4.Generalized Life Cycle 5.Fungal Diversity

12. http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Chytridiomycota http://sharon-taxonomy2009-p2.wikispaces.com/Fungi IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan” 3.Ecological Roles 4.Generalized Life Cycle 5.Fungal Diversity - Chytridomycota

13. http://cisr.ucr.edu/chytrid_fungus.html 40% of amphibian populations are in decline worldwide, probably due to a combination of climate change, pollution, habitat loss and degradation, and chytrid fugal infections. IV. The Domain Eukarya E. Fungi 1.Overview: 2.“Body Plan” 3.Ecological Roles 4.Generalized Life Cycle 5.Fungal Diversity - Chytridomycota

14. http://biology.nicerweb.com/bio1151/Locked/media/lab/diversity/fungi/key1151.html 5. Fungal Diversity - Zygomycota

15. http://www.cosmosbiomedical.com/education/mycology/mycology2.shtml 5. Fungal Diversity - Ascomycota

16. http://www.griswold.k12.ia.us/pcarlsonweb/fungi_kingdom.htm 5. Fungal Diversity - Basidiomycota