2. AP Biology 2007-2008 Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Fungi Domain Eukarya

3. AP Biology General characteristics  Classification criteria  eukaryotes  heterotrophs  feed by absorption  mostly multicellular  except unicellular yeasts  cell wall  chitin  rigid polysaccharide  sexual & asexual reproduction

4. AP Biology Fungal Structure  Fungal body  mycelium  thread-like cells  hyphae  Cells  multiple nuclei  Cell wall  chitin  just like crab shells

5. AP Biology Internal structure  Eukaryotic cells  long, thread-like cells  filamentous  incomplete divisions between cells  septum  multiple nuclei septum chitin cell wall nuclei pore Aaaaah, structure–function relationship!

6. AP Biology plant cell fungal hypha plant cell membrane plant cell wall Modes of Nutrition  Heterotrophic  secrete digestive enzymes  feed by absorption  parasites  feeding on living creatures  predators  paralyzing prey  decomposer  breakdown dead remains Fungi live IN their food! It’s like you living in Chocolate cake!

7. AP Biology Fungal Diversity Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Basidiomycota Ascomycota Fungi

8. AP Biology Ecological Roles  Decomposers  recycle nutrients  Symbiotic Relationships  lichen  fungi + algae  cyanobacteria or green algae  pioneer species in ecosystems  makes soil from bare rock  mycorrhizae  fungi + plants  enables plants to absorb more water Lichens are fungi that have discovered agriculture!

9. AP Biology Mycorrhizae  Critical role in plant growth  extends water absorption of roots without mycorrhizae with mycorrhizae EctomycorrhizaEndomycorrhiza

10. AP Biology Reproduction  Asexual  budding in yeast  Sexual  spores  spread by wind  joining of + & – haploid spores haploid spores

11. AP Biology hypha (n) haploid (2n) diploid mating strain FUSION of + and – gametangia sporangium spores (haploid) MEIOSIS Zygomycete (Bread Mold) Life Cycle

12. AP Biology Basidiomycete Life Cycle FUSION of and hyphae fruiting body MEIOSIS spores gills lined with basidia basidium zygote (n) haploid (n + n) dikaryotic strain 2n (diploid)

13. AP Biology Fairy Rings

14. AP Biology The FIRST Antibiotics

15. AP Biology 2007-2008 Any Questions??