1. Biome: Tundra By: Mariah Hanson, Hannah Sanville and Veronica Yi Blue 2, Gray 2a, Wise, 09/16/13

2. Region Of The World Continues across North America, Europe and Asia Cover 1/5 of the world’s surface Largest and northernmost Biome

3. Abiotic Factors Temperature range: -26 0 C to 12 0 C Permafrost 60 day growing season Average yearly precipitation: <25cm Soil

4. Abiotic Factors: Winter Climate Winter temperatures: -30 F in Artic Tundra's (North Pole) Coldest winters: Siberia, average winter temperatures: -40 F Has reached -93 F before. Mildest winters: Costal regions, average temperatures: 30 F Winter storms develop in the Aleutian Low and Icelandic Low

5. Abiotic Factors: Summer Climate Mild summers. Average temperatures: 45F Warmest summers occur in inland regions of Siberia, Alaska and Canada July temperatures there : 60 F Temperatures have been recorded in the 90’s F in those regions though Artic has rain and fog in summertime Short growing season because during the summer the Tundra doesn’t get a lot of rain

6. Abiotic Factors: Permafrost Permanent frozen layer of soil Surface above permafrost remains frozen all but 8 weeks of the year Prevents trees from growing

7. Abiotic Factors: Soil Slightly acidic Low nutrients due to cold temperatures Moist Thin topsoil over the permafrost

8. Biotic Factors: Animals Mammals Caribou Musk Oxen Artic Foxes Lemmings Snowshoe Hare Birds: Snowy Owls Ducks Geese Cranes Waterfowl Predatory Birds Musk Oxen Canadian Goose

9. Biotic Factors: Closer Look At The Artic Fox Mammal Diet: omnivore Average life span: 3 to 6 years Important adaptations to survive in chilly climate. Hardy animal, so it can survive in the tundra's frigid temperatures Lives in burrows

10. Biotic Factor: Closer Look At The Snowy Owl Carnivore Average life span: 9.5 years Patient hunter Breeds in Artic tundra Preferred meal is lemmings Diurnal: They hunt and are active during day and night.

11. Biotic Factors: Endangered Animals Artic Fox Polar Bear Northern Leopard Frog Bull Trout Whooping Crane Peregrine Falcon Northern Leopard Frog Whooping Crane

12. Endangered Animals: Closer Look at The Polar Bear Mammal Carnivore Average life span: 25 to 30 years Live in very cold climates Very strong swimmers May 2008 Polar bears were determined endangered

13. Biotic Factors: Plants/Fungi Plants Grasses Sedges Mosses Dwarf woody plants Fungi Lichens Moss

14. Biotic Factor: Closer Look At Lichens Reproduce asexually Fungus Unique due to not being a single organism Actually a combination of two organisms Most composed of fungal filaments

15. Bibliography "Tundra Climate." Tundra Climate. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. "The Tundra Biome." The Tundra Biome. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. "Arctic Fox." National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. "Snowy Owl." National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. "Polar Bear." National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013. Book : Postlethwait, John H., and Janet L. Hopson. Modern Biology. Orlando: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006. Print.

16. Conclusion Biotic Factors -Animals - Plants Abiotic Factors - Climate - Soil - Permafrost