1. Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency 1801-1809

2. The Beginning ► March 4, 1801  Thomas Jefferson is the first President inaugurated in the new capital city of Washington D.C.  He delivers his first inaugural address. This address outlines what he feels are the essential principles of government.

3. Anti-War and Anti-Navy (Pacifist) Went to war with Barbary Pirates in North Africa Built the “mosquito fleet” of naval ships Anti-British/Pro-French Almost allied with England and went to war with France to force Napoleon out of New Orleans. Against slavery Owned 200 slaves Strict Construction of Constitution Used loose construction of Constitution over purchase of Louisiana territory Jefferson realized that “ideas” are often hard to put into practice in a “realistic world”.

4. First Inaugural Address ► Essential Principles of Government  “equal and exact justice to all men”  “peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations”  “the support of state governments”  “the preservation of general government”  punishment for those who choose to revolt  compliance with the decisions of the majority

5. First Inaugural Address ► Essential Principles of Government Cont…  “a well disciplined militia”  honest payment of debts  maintaining a sound economy  proper distribution of information  freedom of religion  freedom of the press

6. Barbary Wars ► May 1801  Pasha of Tripoli declares war with the United States because President Jefferson refused to make the immediate payment of $225,000 and the annual payment of $25,000.  On the 20 th Jefferson sent the first naval fleet to the area. ► The ships included the President, Philadelphia, Essex and Enterprise. Map of the Barbary Wars Original Map can be found at: http://www.mariner.org/usnavy/caption_pages /06a_BarbaryWars.htm

7. Barbary Wars ► In his first annual message, Jefferson addresses the Barbary Wars.  He justifies his actions of sending a naval fleet to the Mediterranean.  He also outlines the reasons the Pasha of Tripoli declared war with the United States. Map of Tripoli Original map can be found at: http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/libya/tripoli/tripoli.html

8. Barbary Wars ► 1803 – Jefferson faces much criticism for his decisions made regarding the war ► The Philadelphia runs aground in the Tripoli Harbor and it crew and captain are taken captive ► He is forced to make several command changes.  1801- Commodore Richard Dale  1802 – Commodore Richard Morris  1803 – Commodore Edward Preble Nautical Map of Tripoli Original map can be found at: http://historic- cities.huji.ac.il/libya/tripoli/maps/roux_1764_pl_55.html

9. Barbary Wars ► Realizing that there was no way to recapture the Philadelphia, Commodore Preble devises a plan to destroy the ship ► February 4, 1804 the Philadelphia was destroyed. ► August 3, 1804 the first attack against Tripoli took place when the Constitution’s guns fired on the city. ► September 1804 – the final battle took place in the Tripoli Harbor ► September 1804 – Commodore Barron arrived with backup for Commodore Preble  Commodore Barron, who is senior in rank to Preble, continued the blockade and started looking for a new way to peace  Shortly after Commodore Barron arrive, Commodore Preble retired ► June 4, 1805 after the Pasha of Tripoli had been replaced, a treaty was made with the United States and the prisoners were released.

10. Louisiana Purchase ► April 30, 1803  Robert Livingston & James Monroe signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in Paris  The United States paid $15 million for the land, roughly 4 cents per acre  The purchase added 828,00 square miles of land west of the Mississippi to the United States  July 4 the Louisiana Purchase is publicly announced Original treaty can be found at: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_origin als_iv/sections/louisiana_purchase_treaty.html

11. Haitian rev Toussaint L’Ouverture, former slave led a slave rebellion in French Haiti. Napoleon unable to put down this rebellion which he wanted to use this island as stepping stone into America…. Forced him to abandon his dream of a French America. Toussaint L’Ouverture, former slave led a slave rebellion in French Haiti. Napoleon unable to put down this rebellion which he wanted to use this island as stepping stone into America…. Forced him to abandon his dream of a French America.

12. Maps of the Louisiana Purchase The original maps can be found at: http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/hstaa432/lesson_4/louisiana.html

13. Great Britain after the Revolution. United States after War Spanish land New Orleans

14. Louisiana purchase Since Napoleon was at war with Great Britain he offered entire Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million Needed the money for his war with Great Britain Jefferson purchased Louisiana Territory for $15 million, about 3 cents an acre Doubled the size of the US Jefferson ’ s greatest accomplishment Why? Didn ’ t fight a war, no blood shed. Since Napoleon was at war with Great Britain he offered entire Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million Needed the money for his war with Great Britain Jefferson purchased Louisiana Territory for $15 million, about 3 cents an acre Doubled the size of the US Jefferson ’ s greatest accomplishment Why? Didn ’ t fight a war, no blood shed.

15. Lewis and Clark Expedition ► January 18, 1803  Jefferson asks Congress for funds to explore the land west of the Mississippi  His goal is to find a water route to the Pacific ► May 1804  Meriwether Lewis and William Clark depart on the expedition Map of Lewis and Clark’s Route Original map can be found at: http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/archive/maptrack_b.html

16. Lewis and Clark Expedition ► January 18, 1803  Jefferson sends a secret message to congress regarding the Lewis and Clark Expedition  In this message Jefferson asks for permission to establish trading with the Indians  The original message can be found at: http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc. php?flash=true&doc=17

17. Second Inaugural Address ► Delivered on March 4, 1805 ► Stresses the importance of American neutrality in matters of foreign affairs ► Outlines the Louisiana Purchase and the processes by which the original inhabitants of the land will become citizens of the United States ► Stresses the importance of harmony amongst all inhabitants of America

18. Embargo Act of 1807 ► 1803 - Renewal of the Napoleonic Wars between France and Great Britain ► America was once again trapped between the two nations ► Jefferson wanting to stay neutral proposed an embargo on all foreign trade ► This was highly unsuccessful and devastated the American Economy ► The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 was put in place to repeal the unsuccessful Embargo Act