4. Grandfather Clause A law made that allowed citizens to vote without passing the Literacy test if their grandfathers could vote before Jan. 1867.

5. Jim Crow Laws Laws passed by southern states that segregated or separated blacks and whites in society.Laws passed by southern states that segregated or separated blacks and whites in society.

6. The Supreme Court rules on the Jim Crow Laws 1896: Supreme Court case, Plessy vs. Ferguson. -- African Americans claim Jim Crow laws are unconstitutional (14 th Amendment) de jure segregation (segregation by law) -- Supreme Court rules: -- segregation IS CONSTITUTIONAL -- “Separate but equal” -- “Separate but equal” -- Impact: segregation in the south continues for at least the next 60 years!

7. Plessy vs. Ferguson Upholds racial segregation (Jim Crow laws)Upholds racial segregation (Jim Crow laws) “Separate but Equal”“Separate but Equal” Homer Plessy

8. THE SEGREGATED SOUTH 1896 – 1964 A history of LEGAL segregation in southern society

13. Memphis Law No Whites on Tuesday. Blacks can only visit Zoo on Tuesday

19. White School Black School

20. White School Black School

24. Jim Crow Laws GEORGIA Restaurants. All persons licensed to conduct a restaurant, shall serve either white people exclusively or colored people exclusively and shall not sell to the two races within the same room or serve the two races anywhere under the same license.Restaurants. All persons licensed to conduct a restaurant, shall serve either white people exclusively or colored people exclusively and shall not sell to the two races within the same room or serve the two races anywhere under the same license. Amateur Baseball. It shall be unlawful for any amateur white baseball team to play baseball on any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of a playground devoted to the Negro race, and it shall be unlawful for any amateur colored baseball team to play baseball in any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of any playground devoted to the white race.Amateur Baseball. It shall be unlawful for any amateur white baseball team to play baseball on any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of a playground devoted to the Negro race, and it shall be unlawful for any amateur colored baseball team to play baseball in any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of any playground devoted to the white race.FLORIDA Intermarriage. All marriages between a white person and a Negro, or between a white person and a person of Negro descent to the fourth generation inclusive, are hereby forever prohibited.Intermarriage. All marriages between a white person and a Negro, or between a white person and a person of Negro descent to the fourth generation inclusive, are hereby forever prohibited. Cohabitation. Any Negro man and white woman, or any white man and Negro woman, who are not married to each other, who shall habitually live in and occupy in the nighttime the same room shall each be punished by imprisonment not exceeding twelve (12) months, or by fine not exceeding five hundred ($500.00) dollars.Cohabitation. Any Negro man and white woman, or any white man and Negro woman, who are not married to each other, who shall habitually live in and occupy in the nighttime the same room shall each be punished by imprisonment not exceeding twelve (12) months, or by fine not exceeding five hundred ($500.00) dollars.MISSISSIPPI Promotion of Equality. Any person...who shall be guilty of printing, publishing or circulating printed, typewritten or written matter urging or presenting for public acceptance or general information, arguments or suggestions in favor of social equality or of intermarriage between whites and Negroes, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to fine or not exceeding five hundred (500.00) dollars or imprisonment not exceeding six (6) months or both. NORTH CAROLINA Theaters. Every person...operating...any public hall, theatre, opera house, motion picture show or any place of public entertainment or public assemblage which is attended by both white and colored persons, shall separate the white race and the colored race and shall set apart and designate...certain seats therein to be occupied by white persons and a portion thereof, or certain seats therein, to be occupied by colored persons. Railroads. The conductors or managers on all such railroads shall have power, and are hereby required, to assign to each white or colored passenger his or her respective car, coach or compartment. If the passenger fails to disclose his race, the conductor and managers, acting in good faith, shall be the sole judges of his race.Railroads. The conductors or managers on all such railroads shall have power, and are hereby required, to assign to each white or colored passenger his or her respective car, coach or compartment. If the passenger fails to disclose his race, the conductor and managers, acting in good faith, shall be the sole judges of his race.

25. Segregation in 2010? Legal segregation (de jure segregation) is unconstitutional BUT segregation by fact (de facto) is still ramped!Legal segregation (de jure segregation) is unconstitutional BUT segregation by fact (de facto) is still ramped! Example:Example: Town 1: 93 % White, 3% BlackTown 1: 93 % White, 3% Black Town 2: 70% Black, 1% WhiteTown 2: 70% Black, 1% White Town 3: 82% White, 6% BlackTown 3: 82% White, 6% Black Town 4: 99% White, 1% BlackTown 4: 99% White, 1% Black Babylon Village Wyandanch West Babylon Cold Spring Harbor