2. Northwest Indian College
Welcome to Northwest Plants
Northwest Indian College
ENVS 201 Spring Quarter 2012

3. reproductive components:
Plant Parts
vegetative organs:
reproductive components:
stems
flowers
roots
fruits
leaves
seeds

4. Today: Flowers

5. Flower Features & Functions
involved in sexual reproduction of flowering plants (angiosperms)
produce fruits & seeds (following pollination and fertilization)
may be self-pollinating or pollinated by various organisms
vary little; primary basis for identification & classification

6. lily magnolia (Magnolia soulangiana) flower, l.s. (magnoliid)

7. Flower Components—Fertile, Male
stamen - male reproductive structure
filament - slender stalk-like structure
anther - region of pollen sacs

8. Flower Components—Fertile, Female
pistil - female reproductive structure
stigma - region at tip of style that receives pollen
style - stalk of the pistil
ovary - swollen base of pistil, becomes fruit

9. snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) inflorescence

10. snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) flower, l.s. (eudicot)

11. Flower Components—Sterile (Auxiliary Structures)
sepal - one of the elements in the outermost whorl
petal - one of the elements of the whorl inside the sepals (may attract pollinators)
tepal - petal and sepal, if indistinguishable from one another (e.g., lilies)
receptacle - base where petals, etc. attached

12. lily (Lilium) flower

13. lily (Lilium) life cycle (monocot)

14. Other Flower Terms
complete - flower with all four floral parts (sepals, petals, stamens & pistils)
incomplete - flower lacking one or more parts
perfect - flower with male & female parts; pollen & ovules produced
imperfect - flower lacking stamens or pistils; pollen or ovules not produced

15. Flower Terms (continued)
peduncle - stalk of an inflorescence or of a solitary flower
pedicel - stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence (or of a grass spikelet)

16. Flower Terms (continued)
dioecious, dioicous -”two houses,” plant species with separate male & female plants; male & female flowers on separate plants (imperfect, unisexual flowers)
monoecious -”one house” (with two rooms), plant species with both male & female flowers on same plant; both types of imperfect, unisexual flowers on same plant

17. Flower Terms (continued)
regular (syn. actinomorphic) - flowers which are radially symmetrical (capable of being bisected into identical halves from any longitudinal cut (e.g., lily)
irregular (syn. zygoomorphic) - flowers which are bilaterally symmetrical, only capable of being bisected in one plane to produce equal halves (e.g., snapdragon)

18. Ovary Position
epigynous, epigyny - describes a flower which has an inferior ovary, with the sepals, petals and stamens attached at or above the top of the ovary
hypogynous, hypogeny - flower parts attached below the base of the ovary and free from it; flowers with this arrangement have a superior ovary
perigynous, perigyny - borne around the gynoecium; floral parts (calyx, corolla and stamens) are attached to the edge of a cup-shaped hypanthium

19. Flowers & Inflorescences
solitary - plant with a single flower per stalk
inflorescence - flowers grouped together in clusters of more than one flower

20. Questions & Comments?

21. Flowers
are
cool.

22. Hy’shqe!