1. 1 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 1 Fibre Alternatives Industrial Hemp Sustainability Report. By David Seber

2. 2 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 2 This is an alarm bell sounding! A call to action! Our Planet is in jeopardy! Our lives are at stake! Even our jobs… OH! I forgot! What jobs? We are, for lack of better words, in trouble. We need all of the resources on this planet to make this work. Hemp could be a major player. The following report is about how hemp can alleviate the damage to the world’s forests. The forests are the second biggest carbon sink on the planet (next to the oceans). How can we sequester carbon in the forests if we keep on removing the trees? Help From Hemp

3. 3 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 3 Oregon Senate Testimony Industrial Hemp Bill 676 on 3-26-09

4. 4 Table of Contents Poster Poster explanation Why Industrial Hemp? Hemp Attributes Industrial Hemp Products Biofuel Production Methods Pyrolysis Hemp Composite Materials Hemp Building-Ireland 21 st Century Applications- Conclusions Glossary of terms David Seber presenting for Oregon SB 676 before the Oregon Senate 3-26-09 Introduction - Help from Hemp

5. 5 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 5

6. 6 6 Poster Explanation Hemp is to be grown densely (up to 18’ tall) with no side branching or plant spacing. It is then simultaneously chopped, cleaned, and graded from whole green stalk into pieces 1/4” to 1/2” during the harvesting process. The grades are then pre-treated (depending on application) to be used as “feedstock” or “furnish” which will make: Biofuels and biochar Building materials and composites

7. 7 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 7 Why Industrial Hemp? Yield - Hemp can produce multiple tons of fiber/biomass per acre on secondary and tertiary growing areas, and more on primary farmland. Hemp is the only fiber and energy source-plant that produces enough fiber and biomass, on a sustainable basis in temperate regions, to replace the biomass currently extracted from our forests and food producing sources.

8. 8 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 8 Hemp Attributes Hemp Stalks are composed of fiber and hurds (foam-like core material) Two traditional outstanding characteristics are fiber strength and water resistance The plant chemistry of hemp lends itself to biofuel, agricultural supplements, and the making of construction composites. In addition to 10-15% primary fiber, the hurds are composed of cellulose (77%-fiber 47% hurd), the remainder being comprised of hemicellulose (9%-fiber 21% hurd) and lignin (4%-fiber 19%-hurd) that is soluble with hydrogen peroxide. Other stalk constituents include pectin, wax and other trace chemicals. Note* Chemical percentages come from Canadian John Baker article “What is Biofibers?”

9. 9 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 9 Industrial Hemp Products Biofuels & Biochar 3 processes are being considered in the production of biofuel & biochar: Distillation, Biodigestion, Pyrolysis While it is not yet clear that fuels from biomass make either economic or environmental sense, hemp is the best choice for renewable biomass in temperate climates.

10. 10 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 10 Biofuel Production Methods Distillation: Ethanol production using corn has already proved itself to be a disaster both environmentally and economically Biodigestion of cellulosic materials via the use of bacterial or algae based agents has not yet been practically demonstrated.

11. 11 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 11 “Pyrolysis is the burning of biomass without the presence of oxygen, this then produces volatile gasses (that can then be collected and processed into liquid fuels) and bio-char as a “side” product…” *Spath, et al, Update of Hydrogen from Biomass -Determination of the Delivered Cost of Hydrogen, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Milestone Report for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Program 2001 Unfortunately, infrastructure investment for pyrolysis is prohibitively expensive. However, the bio-char side product holds tremendous potential to eliminate nutrient runoff in fields, to supplement, and eventually replace, petroleum based fertilizers in agriculture. The combination of these two products makes pursuit of this technology worthwhile. Pyrolysis

12. 12 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 12 Hemp for Composite Materials Hemp is as good or superior to wood fiber in all current applications of modern building materials such as Particleboard, Medium Density Fiberboard, Oriented Strand Board panels, or Laminated Veneer Lumber structural beams, and can be produced (with minor modifications) in the mills as they are. Thermoplastic/Resin reinforcement (fiberglass) applications ranging from structural members and fasteners to panels and membranes Hemp and Lime construction technologies To see a report on these topics go to www.fibrealternatives.com for the link to Bast Fiber Applications for Composites by David Seber and Erwin Lloydwww.fibrealternatives.com

13. 13 Hemp Fiber Board medium density fiber board (MDF) created by Washington State University 1994

14. 14 Hemp Fiber Used in Thermoplastic/Resin reinforcement (fiber in fiberglass polymer & composite fiber laminates)

15. 15 Hemp Fiber Picture of Hemp Hurd Used in blown insulation, concrete fabrication

16. 16 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 16 Hemp and Lime Building Materials Hemp and lime can be mixed to make a spectrum of building materials ranging from blown insulation, plasters, panels, structural members and aggregates for walls, floors, etc. These materials create buildings and structures that absorb carbon dioxide over time while creating super comfortable interior environments, with walls that actually “breath”.

17. 17 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 17 Hemp-Lime Technology Warehouse Built in Ireland with hemp/lime panels and insulation from Lime Technology Company of Great Britain

18. 18 Industrial Hemp Energy and Composite Applications 18 Hemp is an ideal material: For making biofuels and biochar for agriculture To mitigate global warming, and forest degradation To stabilize the world economy To revolutionize, building materials, and construction technologies To provide Green Collar Jobs, and Employment! 21st Century Industrial Hemp Applications and Conclusions

19. 19 Glossary Biofuel: Volatile liquids and solids derived from plants that provide energy when ignited/combusted Biomass: Weight and volume of organic matter Construction Composites: processed material products used in buildings Distillation: heating and extraction of liquids produced by fermentation Biodigestion: the breakdown of biomass using bacterial, algal cultures and catalysts Pyrolysis: the combustion of biomass with little or no oxygen present