1. Microbiology B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION TORTORA FUNKE CASE Chapter 11, part A The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

2. One circular chromosome, not in a membrane No histones No membrane bounded organelles (ribosomes) Peptidoglycan cell walls (NOT in Archaea) Binary fission

3. Gram-negative groups: Proteobacteria Mythical Greek god, Proteus, who could assume many shapes By RNA sequencing  Proteobacteria: Human pathogens Brucella Bartonella Obligate intracellular Rickettsia Ehrlichia Have prosthacae Caulobacter Chemoautotrophic Nitrobacter Nitrosomas Fix nitrogen Rhizobium Azospirillum Produce acetic acid Acetobacter Domain Bacteria: Proteobacteria

4.  (alpha) Proteobacteria Human pathogens: Bartonella B. henselaCat-scratch disease BrucellaBrucellosis The  (alpha) Proteobacteria http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/brucellosis_g.htm#top The alpha-proteobacteria include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs. Some members of this sub-phylum grow at low-nutrient levels (oligotrophic) and some have stalks (prosthecae). Some are pathogens and some are intracellular.

5. Obligate intracellular parasites: Rickettsia.  Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers R. prowazekiiEpidemic typhus - lice R. typhiEndemic murine typhus - flea R. rickettsiiRocky Mountain Spotted Fever - tick The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

6. Figure 11.1

7. Those with prosthecae: Caulobacter. Stalked bacteria found in lakes. Use stalk for obtaining nutrients Hyphomicrobium. Budding bacteria found in lakes The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 11.2 & 3

8. A plant pathogen: Agrobacterium. Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 9.17

9. Nitrogen Cycle Chemoautotrophic: Oxidize nitrogen for energy Fix CO 2 Nitrosomonas NH 3 +  NO 2 – Nitrobacter NO 2 –  NO 3 – Book has this reversed incorrectly The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

10. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Azospirillum Grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants Fix nitrogen Rhizobium Fix nitrogen in the roots of plants The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 27.5

11. Produce acetic acid from ethyl alcohol: Acetobacter - Pasteur The  (alpha) Proteobacteria http://www.winepros.org/wine101/enology.htm