1. What is this???

2. Leaves Stems Roots Flowers
Plant Structures
Leaves
Stems
Roots
Flowers

3. What Are primary parts of plants?
Leaves
Stems
Roots
Flowers

4. What are the functions of leaves?
Capture light
Exchange gases
Provide a site for photosynthesis
Some leaves store food and water
Some form new plants and provide support

5. What is photosynthesis?
It is a process by which plants combine water and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight and produce carbohydrates and release oxygen.

6. Why is photosynthesis important?
Light is the most important source of energy for living things. Photosynthesis converts light into nutrients that can be used by plants and animals.
Releases oxygen

7. Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight ---> 6O 2 + C6 H12O 6 + 6H2 O

8. There are two parts of photosynthesis--the light and dark reactions.
The light reactions produce chemical energy from light.
The dark reactions convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.

9. Leaves in gas exchange
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Water exchanged from Stomata
Pores open in day to transpire H2O and allow gases to enter
Close during dry conditions to prevent H2O loss.

10. External Parts of Leaves
Petiole- Stalk of leaf that attaches to stem
Midrib- Main vein of vascular tissue
Blade- Photosynthetic site of leaf

12. Stomata Openings on the epidermis allows air into leaf
allows H2O and oxygen out of leaf

14. Stems
Water and mineral transport by capillary action and cohesion to the leaves.
Transport food to the roots
Gas exchange
Produce and support new leaves, branches, and flowers

15. Internal parts of stem
Phloem
Xylem
Cambium
Pith
Cortex

16. Functions Phoem-Sugar and carbohydrates to roots
Xylem- Water and nutrients
Cambium- Growing part of stem

17. Function Cont’ Pith-Occupies the central area of the stem
Cortex- Composed of several layers of thick-walled cells

18. External parts of stem
Buds
Nodes
Internodes

19. Modified Stems Rhizomes- Horizontal underground stems(Bermuda Grass
Stolons- Horizontal above ground stems(strawberries)
Tubers- Greatly enlarged tip of underground stem

20. Cont. Bulbs- budlike structure consisting of a small stem (onion)
Corms- Fleshly leaves underground stems with few nodes(gladiolus)

21. Functions of Roots Anchor plants in soil Absorb water and nutrients
Some store reserves for future uses(Potato)
Propagation

22. Taproots Disadvantages Difficult to remove or harvest
do not stabilize well
Advantages
Penetrates deeper
Obtain water from other levels
Anchor plant

23. Fibrous Advantages Shallower, better for fertilization & Water
Stabilize in soil better
Disadvantage
Less drought resistant
Tend to get exposed during cultivation

24. Primary Roots
Grow down into the soil and may branch repeatedly into lateral roots
Taproot is a primary root

25. Lateral Roots Called Secondary roots
grow horizontally away from the primary root
Some grow downward

26. Adventitious Came from stems or leaves instead of another root
Prop root of corn and grapes are examples that give support

27. Fibrous Root
Root structures in which the primary and lateral roots develop equally so there is not a definite taproot.

28. Storage Roots
Are structures such as those of carrots and sweet potatoes which are used for food storage.

29. What do stems and roots have in common?
Both have xylem and phloem cells for transport.

30. Male flowers and their parts and functions.
Stamen- has two parts- filament and antherFilament- supports the anther
Anther- Produces pollen grains

32. Female parts and their functions
Ovule-develops into a seed
Ovary- surrounds the ovule, later becomes the fruit
Style-supports the stigma
Stigma- receives the pollen grain
Pistil- All three female parts together

34. Other parts of flower
Receptacle- enlarged part of the flower stalk where floral part is.
Sepals- outer protective parts of buds
Petals- the colored part of the flower used to attract insects

35. Complete Flower
Both have Male and Female parts

36. Incomplete Flowers
Have either male or female parts but not both

37. Monoecious
Plants that have male and female flower parts on separate plants

39. Dioecious
Have both parts on the same plant.

41. Pollination The transfer of pollen from one anther to anther stigma.
Two ways- self-pollination & Cross-pollination
Bees and Wind

42. The End