1. cystocarps

2. Gracilaria: multinucleate tubular nutritive cells to roof, to base Gracilariopsis: uninucleate conjunctor cells at base Gracilariophila (parasite) Hydropuntia: multinucleate tubular nutritive cells at base of cystocarp “TAPPING BACK”

3. Gracilaria:Gracilariopsis: Gracilariophila: Hydropuntia: male structures in shallow or deep pits super- ficial in deep pits, con- necting to vege- tative cells

4. Gracilaria Flat species G. curtissiae G. intermedia G. smithsoniensis G. galetensis G. hayi G. domingensis G. flabelliformis G. sp. G. lacinulata

5. Gracilaria smithsoniensis Dichotomaria aff. marginata

6. Gracilaria smithsoniensis

8. Gracilaria curtissiae -thick thallus; thinner lateral blade-like proliferations -often with small “teeth”

9. G. curtissieae

10. Gracilaria intermedia

12. Gracilaria galetensis

13. G. galetensis

14. Gracilaria hayi

15. Gracilaria domingensis

17. G. flabelliformis

18. male structures in shallow pits

19. Gracilaria sp.

20. G. lacinulata

21. Rudimentary key to the external habit of the flat species of Gracilariaceae from Bocas 1.Thallus brown, leathery-thick, with thinner lateral blade-like proliferations; main blades with or without tiny marginal teeth ------------ G. curtissiae 1.Thallus not leathery-thick, of various shapes and colors --- --------------------------------------------------------------------------2

22. 2.Stalk and holdfast hard and cartilaginous, with secondary cortex; blades even-sized, congested, dark wine red-brown --- Gracilaria sp. 2.Stalk and holdfast not hard and cartilaginous -- -----------------------------------------------------------3

23. 3. thallus not pseudodichotomous --------------------4 3. thallus pseudodichotomous -------- ----------------6

24. 4. Main axes with pronounced tooth-like marginal projections ----- ------------------------------------- G. domingensis 4. Blades without tooth-like projections -------------------- 5

25. 5. Blades with leading axis and side branches --------- G. intermedia 5. Blades without leading axes, strap-shaped ------ G. lacinulata

26. 5. No leading axis, axes of same-sized with, narrow apical regions -------------G. smithsoniensis (in part) 5. Leading axis, varying apical region ------ 6

27. 6. Narrow apical branch subdichotomies ----- G. flabelliformis 6. Branches with constant diameter 7

28. 7. Branches narrow, with wide angles at tips --- G. smithsoniensis (in part) 7. Branches without wide angles8

29. 8. Blades with narrow pseudodichotomies----- G.galetensis 9. Blades thin, with broad, round pseudodichotomies-- G. hayi

30. Cylindrical species Gracilaria cervicornis Gracilaria aff. cervicornis Hydropuntia cornea Hydropuntia caudata Gracilariopsis aff. panamaensis

31. Gracilaria cervicornis

32. G. aff. cervicornis

33. Gracilaria aff. cervicornis

34. Hydropuntia cornea

35. Hydropuntia caudata (=“thinner” G. cornea)

36. Hydropuntia caudata