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3-2 Notes – Plant Reproduction
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
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Alternation of Generation
“Alternation of generations” describes the life cycle of organisms, such as plants, that alternate between diploid stages and haploid stages.
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Alternation of Generation
In seedless plants, the haploid generation lives on its own. In seed plants, the haploid generation lives inside diploid tissue.
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Seedless Plant Reproduction
Examples: mosses and ferns They grow from haploid spores, not seeds Spores grow by mitosis and cell division to form haploid plants.
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Seedless Plant Reproduction
Fertilization results in a diploid zygote that grows by mitosis and cell division into the tiny diploid generation.
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Seed Plant Reproduction
Most plants are seed plants.
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Seed Plant Reproduction
Sperm cells form inside a protective structure called a pollen grain.
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Seed Plant Reproduction
Egg cells form inside a female reproductive structure called an ovary.
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Seed Plant Reproduction
In pollination, pollen grains from the male structure reach the female structure.
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Seed Plant Reproduction
When sperm enters the ovule, fertilization occurs, and a seed develops.
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Seed Plant Reproduction
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Seed Plant Reproduction
A seed consists of: an embryo, food supply, protective covering
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Seed Plant Reproduction
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Seed Plant Reproduction
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Gymnosperms (Flowerless Seed Plants)
Gymno- means naked, so these seeds don’t have a fruit covering.
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Gymnosperms (Flowerless Seed Plants)
Male cones produce pollen grains, and female cones produce eggs. Seeds form as part of the female cone. Female Male
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Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)
Angio- means vessel, so these seeds do have a fruit covering.
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Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)
The flower’s male reproductive organ is the stamen. The flower’s female reproductive organ is the pistil.
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Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)
Pollen grains form in the anther at the stamen’s tip. The filament is a long stalk that connects the anther to the base of the flower.
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Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)
The pollen grains land on the pistil’s stigma, which is at the top of a long tube called the style.
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Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)
A pollen tube grows from the pollen grain into the stigma, down the style, to the ovary, where fertilization occurs.
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Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)
Each ovule and its embryo will become a seed. The fruit of the plant protects the seed and helps with seed dispersal.
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Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants)
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3.2 Plant Reproduction A B C D In alternation of generations, the haploid structures of the diploid generation produces daughter cells called what? A zygotes B spores C pollen D seeds
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3.2 Plant Reproduction A B C D What is an immature diploid plant that develops from the zygote of a seed plant called? A embryo B seed C fruit D stigma
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What is another name for a flowering seed plant? A zygote B conifer
3.2 Plant Reproduction A B C D What is another name for a flowering seed plant? A zygote B conifer C gymnosperm D angiosperm
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Where are pollen grains formed? A anther B ovule C testes
D pollen tube
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What flower structure becomes fruit surrounding the seed? A stamen
SCI 2.a A B C D What flower structure becomes fruit surrounding the seed? A stamen B pollen tube C ovary D pistil
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What type of seed plant does not produce flowers? A seedless plants
SCI 2.a A B C D What type of seed plant does not produce flowers? A seedless plants B gymnosperms C angiosperms D strawberry plants
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