1. 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Chapter DNA

2. DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
How Did we Discover DNA?

3. Transformation 1928 Griffith with mice
One disease bacteria transformed the other harmless bacteria into a disease bacteria

4. R S

5. Is the genetic material made of DNA or protein
Hershey-Chase Experiment- (1952)
Studied viruses known as bacteriophages
Is the genetic material made of DNA or protein

6. DNA made of monomers of nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of 3 parts
5-carbon sugar deoxyribose
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base

7. Chargaff’s Rule A=T C=G Adenine bonds with Thymine
Cytosine bonds with Guanine
Nitrogen bases are held together by hydrogen bonds
A=T
C=G

9. X-Ray evidence- 1950’s Rosalind Franklin used X-ray diffraction to study structure of DNA. Concluded structure was coiled like a spring (double helix)

10. DNA is a double helix two complementary strands
Strands consist of :
Sugar phosphate backbone
Nitrogen base rungs

11. DNA unzips- hydrogen bonds are broken
Each parent strand serves as a template to form new complementary strand
DNA polymerase- adds new nucleotide by base pairing rule.
DNA polymerase proofreads each new DNA strand and repairs errors, unchecked error = mutation
In prokaryotic cells replication is in 1 region In Eukaryotic cells it is in many regions

12. When DNA has completed replication there are two double strands
Each strand contains one side of the parent strand plus a new complementary strand