1. What Are Communicable Diseases?
What is the best way to prevent spreading communicable diseases

2. Communicable disease:
A disease that is spread from one living thing to another or through the environment.

3. Causes of Communicable Diseases
Pathogen-
An organism that causes a disease
Common pathogens….
viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and rickettsias

4. Infection-
condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and damage body cells
Disease develops

5. Viruses Pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coating
The nuclear (chromosomal) and cytoplasmic (mitochondrial and chloroplast) material that plays a fundamental role in determining the nature of all cell substances, cell structures, and cell effects; the genes have properties of self-propagation and variation.

6. Alone they are inactive Need living cells to produce
Includes all forms of life
Once inside a host cell virus makes more viruses
Viruses usually kill the host cell and take over other cells

7. Usually “run their course” Antibiotics do not work Common viruses
Common cold, flu, AIDs, chicken pox, measles

8. Bacteria
Single-celled microorganisms- are everywhere!

9. When inside your body they multiply- cell division
Some harmless
Some helpful- in digestive system they help digestive food and certain vitamins
When inside your body they multiply- cell division
Some bacteria produce toxin- kills cells or interferes with their functions
Tetanus- Infection generally occurs through wound contamination and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound

10. Bacteria and viruses can be killed by immune system
Most bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics
Common:
Strep throat, lyme disease, tuberculosis,

11. Fungi Plantlike organisms Molds and yeast
Disease of skin, mucosal membrane, or lungs
Athlete’s foot

12. Protozoans
Single-celled organisms larger and more complex than bacteria
Most are harmless
Some can cause disease especially in people with weakened immune systems

13. Rickettsias Similar to bacteria
Often from insect bites (fleas and lice)
Rocky Mountain Fever most common

14. How They are Transmitted
Direct Contact
Touching, biting, kissing, and sexual contact
Sneezing or coughing- sprays infected saliva or mucus
Mother transmits infections to unborn child

15. Indirect Contact Contaminated object
germs move onto an object- someone touches the object and picks up the germs
Examples..
Wash hands to prevent picking up infections

16. Vectors
An organism that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or other animals
Examples..
Mosquitoes- malaria, Ticks- Lyme disease
Water and Food
Carless handling, cooking, and storage of food
Water contaminate with pathogens

17. Airborne Transmission
Pathogens travel in the air from a sneeze or cough
Long distances
Chicken pox, influenza, tuberculosis

18. Preventing the Spread of Disease
Washing Hands
Most effective way to prevent spread of disease
When….
Before preparing food and eating
After the bathroom
Before contacts
After touching animals
When around an infected person

19. Handle food properly
Cook properly
Chill leftover to proper temp
Separate raw meat from other foods

20. Other Measures
Eat balanced diet
Avoid use of drugs
Avoid eating and drinking after people
Avoid contact with infected people
Keep vaccines up to date
Manage stress