2. Bid to clone wooly mammoth What movie does this idea remind you of? Do you think it’s possible? Do you think they should try? What would happen if they succeeded?

3. They hope to extract DNA from the male mammoth’s bone marrow or internal organs and insert it into the egg of an Asian (19). A. elephant B. mammoth C. adult female D. animal There aren’t any mammoths today. Female human? What kind of animal? A. elephant

4. It is hoped that the mother will be able to give birth to (20) baby mammoth. A. alive B. a life C. living D. a live What kind of baby mammoth? - You need an adjective. X B. You also need an article. X A./C. D. a live

5. … the international scientists working on the project believe that the freezing conditions (where the mammoth was discovered)… (21) A. may be preserved B. preserve C. to preserve D. may have preserved Active voice. X A. It is possible that the freezing conditions have preserved the mammoth since it died 20,000 years ago. D. may have preserved.

6. A paleontologist on the project, Dr Larry Agenbroad, said the mammoth (23) in a laboratory in the Russian city of Katanga. A. studied B. would have studied C. would be studied D. being studied The scientists are the ones that will study the mammoth. Passive voice. X A./B. “being studied” = “which is being studied” - This would create an incomplete sentence. Ex. The car which is being repaired … The mammoth will be studied. (Use reported speech). C. would be studied.

7. Recently it (24) from its resting place on the Taimyr Peninsula,... A. was flown B. has flown C. had flown D. flew The mammoth is dead and doesn’t have wings. Passive voice. A. was flown

8. Its tusks, (25) over 60 kilograms each, were carried on a reindeer-pulled sled. A. weighed B. weighing C. weigh D. were weighed This is an adjective phrase describing the tusks Ex. The man (standing over there) is my friend. B. weighing

9. He (26) organised a team of scientists who successfully removed the mammoth’s head from the ice. A. finally B. one day C. subsequently D. incredibly The first part of the paragraph tells us that: 1. Some people found a tusk. 2. They tried to sell the tusks. After these things happened, he organised his team. Which option carries this meaning? C. subsequently

10. According to Dr Agenbroad, ‘Asian elephants are biologically (27) to mammoths than they are to African elephants. …’ A. similar B. more similar C. alike D. more like “than” should remind you that you are looking at a familiar structure. Ex. Elephants are bigger than dogs. X A./C. Which sounds better? similar to … like to … B. more similar

11. If inserting mammoth DNA into an elephant egg is unsuccessful, there is (28). A. an idea B. another egg C. a problem D. an alternative The rest of the paragraph describes using sperm to produce an offspring which would be half mammoth and half elephant. One choice is to clone a mammoth with DNA. Another choice is to use sperm to produce a half-mammoth. D. an alternative

12. The resulting offspring would be half mammoth and half elephant, but by breeding these animals (29) a nearly pure mammoth could be produced. A. over many generations B. more than a century C. in time D. after years B. X missing “for” “breeding... in time” doesn’t make sense. You’d have to say, “after years of breeding these animals” The first generation will be half and half, the next will be 3/4 mammoth and so on. A. Correct

13. The mammoth was buried (30) almost five metres of permafrost. A. with B. for C. under D. deep “Permafrost” is earth that is always frozen. The mammoth was under this layer of permafrost. C. correct

14. “It is (31) I have come to touching a live mammoth still (32) skin, hair and flesh (33),”... 31. A. nearly B. very close C. closer D. the closest C. X - You’d have to say, “It is closer than I have ever …” D. correct 32. A. had B. has C. having D. to have “still …” is an adjective phrase describing the mammoth C. Correct

15. “It is (31) I have come to touching a live mammoth still (32) skin, hair and flesh (33),”... A. belonging B. grown C. intact D. living The frozen conditions have prevented these things from being destroyed. Only one logical answer. C. correct

16. (34) Dr Agenbroad and his colleagues are fairly optimistic about the outcome, scientists not involved with the study have argued it is unlikely that cloning (35). 34. A. Although B. Even C. Nevertheless D. Despite The doctor’s optimistic view is being contrasted with the pessimistic view of other scientists. A. Correct 35. A. ever succeed B. will succeed C. is successful D. is success We are talking about something that will (or will not) happen in the future. B. Correct