1. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt1 CLASSIFICATION

2. OBSERVATION: Many kinds of organisms: Some similar to each other.  wood frog,  leopard frog,  bull frog 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt2

3. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt3 CLASSIFICATION Others less similar  fish,  frogs,  snakes

4. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt4 CLASSIFICATION Others very dissimilar  people, pine trees, protozoans

5. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt5 CLASSIFICATION Why are some kinds similar and others NOT similar? Question to be answered later? How can we make sense of (explain) this diversity? How can we organize what we know about these organisms?

6. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt6 Answer: CLASSIFY Similar “types” (species) grouped together, separated from other species. Then, group similar groups together, etc.

7. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt7 CLASSIFICATION Species = specific kind of organism  fundamental unit in evolution and ecology  more precise definition soon

8. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt8 CLASSIFICATION Necessary? YES !! ~ 1 million species of plants, 5-10 million species of animals + fungi, protists, bacteria no good estimates of numbers of species Human mind needs to organize information.

9. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt9 CLASSIFICATION Classification system organizes biological knowledge. Classification itself is HYPOTHESIS about relationships, similarity because of common ancestry.

10. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt10 HYPOTHESIS of relationship

11. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt11 CLASSIFICATION = Sequence of levels. Linnaean system, from Carolus Linnaeus, 1740's Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Phil called old fat George stupid.

12. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt12 CLASSIFICATION = Linnaean system

13. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt13 CLASSIFICATION Whittaker’s Five Kingdoms, 1965 Kingdom Monera (Bacteria) Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia

14. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt14 CLASSIFICATION Woese, 1985 Prokaryotic organisms are far more diverse than thought previously. Domain Eubacteria (prokaryotic “true bacteria”) Domain Archaea (prokaryotic “archaeans”) Domain Eukarya (eukaryotic organisms)

15. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt15 CLASSIFICATION Woese, 1985 Prokaryotic organisms are far more diverse than thought previously. Domain Eubacteria (prokaryotic “true bacteria”)  Kingdom Gram-positive bacteria  Kingdom Gram-negative bacteria  Kingdom Mycoplasmas  Kingdom Rickettsias  Kingdom purple-sulfur bacteria  and more Domain Archaea (prokaryotic “archaeans”) Domain Eukarya (eukaryotic organisms)

16. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt16 CLASSIFICATION Woese, 1985 Prokaryotic organisms are far more diverse than thought previously. Domain Eubacteria ( prokaryotic “true bacteria” ) Domain Archaea ( prokaryotic “archaeans” )  Kingdom Thermophiles  Kingdom Halophiles  Kingdom Methanogens  Kingdom ARMANS (“Archeal Richmond Mine Acidophilic Nanoorganism” Science vol 314, 22 Dec. 2006.) Domain Eukarya ( eukaryotic organisms )

17. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt17 CLASSIFICATION Woese, 1985 Prokaryotic organisms are far more diverse than thought previously. Domain Eubacteria ( prokaryotic “true bacteria” ) Domain Archaea ( prokaryotic “archaeans” ) Domain Eukarya ( eukaryotic organisms )  Kingdom Protista (polyphyletic)  Kingdom Fungi  Kingdom Plantae  Kingdom Animalia

18. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt18 CLASSIFICATION Woese, 1985

19. 12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt19 CLASSIFICATION Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Did King Phil call old fat George stupid ?