1. Time for a paradigm shift!? Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Chinese overseas social organization

2. What to expect Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

3. Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

4. 1800s: Southeast Asia / North America / Australia Guangdong, Fujian etc. Coolie trade, sojourners, hostile environments Segmentary structure, hierarchical inclusion along lineage, native place, dialect etc. Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Chinatown

5. Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

6. 1980s: Europe, North America Fujian, Zhejiang Traditional organizational principles distorted/destroyed Connections to Chinese officialdom replace kinship and dialect ties Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Guanxi

7. 1990s: Europe Growing diversity and complexity; exclusive informal networks (strong local identities) Disjointed nature of Chinese community; low level of solidarity, (country specific) Later: low regulatory thresholds, personal incentives Multitude of associations; lack of legitimation and representativeness Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Diversity

8. 2000s: Europe Community building over large geographical distances Deterritorialized understanding of transnational networks Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Transnationalism

9. Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

10. Networked economic communities? Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Chinese in Africa

11. Networked economic communities? Lack of social cohesion! Intra-Chinese competition! Neither shared identity nor community! Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Chinese in Africa

12. Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

13. Henantown Dakar Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

14. Henantown Dakar Low entry barriers, small market and trade volume C hina H enan I nternational CO operation Group Co. Ltd. and chain migration Dominance of Henan petty traders Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

15. Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

16. Clustered isolation in Accra Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

17. Clustered isolation in Accra High entry barriers, large market and trade volumes SOE representatives, Taiwanese Pioneers crowded out by Zhejiang traders, specialization in trading Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

18. Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

19. Ghana Chinese Business Association: business elites, investments beyond trade Ethnic golfing network Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

20. Ghana Chinese Business Association: business elites, investments beyond trade Ethnic golfing network Association des Chinois Résidents au Sénégal: sponsored by embassy, no legitimation, one-man show Independent association: failed due to disagreement on CSR, sub-ethnic conflict Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

21. Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

22. Henan Chinese: Mistrust, competition, selfishness discredited potential leaders Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

23. Henan Chinese: Mistrust, competition, selfishness discredited potential leaders Fujian, Zhejiang Chinese: No socializing beyond family enterprises Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

24. Henan Chinese: Mistrust, competition, selfishness discredited potential leaders Fujian, Zhejiang Chinese: No socializing beyond family enterprises Others: Numbers too small; too dispersed Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

25. Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

26. Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

27. Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

28. Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Early emigration New Chinese migration Chinese in Africa Senegal Ghana Pan-Chinese associations Native place ties It‘s the family…Zhejiang transnationalists Fujian conglomerates Henan pyramid system Individualism on the rise Discussion

29. Early emigration Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian: lineage and clan Long distance participation: Technologies underdeveloped, mediated by institutions Problematic: no studies on initial phases of social formation Discussion Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

30. Europe 1980-90s Zhejiang, Fujian: Primacy of connections with dominating state sector Revival of kinship based practices due to privatization of economy and welfare Social organisation depending on place characteristics Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Discussion

31. New destinations since early 2000s Zhejiang, Fujian, various regions Dominance of private economy Individualization and commodification Information revolution Markets replace social institutions Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Discussion

32. Situatedness of social organization: time, space, group specific Repertoire of practices: influenced by economy, society, technology New paradigm or old paradigms challenged? Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany Discussion

33. Thank you Karsten Giese, GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, Hamburg, Germany

34. karsten.giese@giga-hamburg.de