1. Legacies of Historical Globalization
Social Studies 10-1
Legacies of Historical Globalization
IQ. To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization.

2. What is a legacy?
Legacy: something that has been passed on by those who lived in the past.
Examples:
Government systems
Buildings and monuments
Religions
Stories
Celebrations
Language
Values

3. Building Empires
Between , Imperial powers greatly expanded their global possessions.

5. Ethnocentrism & Eurocentrism
Ethnocentrism: A way of thinking that centers on one’s own race and culture. Believe only their worldview is valid.
Ex. A Westerner thinking that using chopsticks at every meal to eat is strange, silly, or a "stupid" way to eat
Eurocentrism: Form of ethnocentrism that uses European criteria to judge others.
How ethnocentric are you?

6. Who was missing from this conference?
Scramble for Africa
Berlin Conference
To avoid conflicts, representatives of USA, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Russia, Spain, and Sweden-Norway met to divide Africa among themselves.
Who was missing from this conference?

7. Oral history Few written records of the European arrival exist.
Read the story on page 140. Can you retell it in your own words?
Queen Elizabeth II holds the royal scepter. It contained the world’s largest polished diamond, the great Star of Africa. (530.4 carats, est. $463 million). The diamond was discovered in South Africa. The Indigenous people who lived there received no benefit from this discovery. Should they be compensated today?

8. Legacies of Imperialism
Causes
Division of Africa by Imperial Powers
Effects

9. Legacies of Imperialism
Cause
Effect
Example
Imperial power destroyed traditional political and social systems and left few resources to meet people’s needs.
Newly independent countries faced discontent and political unrest and turned to authoritarian leaders.
Kenya – like many former colonies, gained independence in the 1960s and turned to an authoritarian one-party state to try and solve economic problems.
Colonized people were relied upon to learn the imperial powers language and to help govern.
Colonized people who benefited from education often helped run the government upon independence.
India – Indians educated in British style system were able to rise to positions of power.
Imperial power split up or joined communities that had not traditionally been organized this way.
Created ethnic conflict that lead to human rights abuses.
Rwanda – Ethnic rivalries created by Germany exploded into genocide.
Imperial power changed traditional political and economic structures.
Either led to integration into world markets or undermined ability to be self-sufficient.
Canada – Aboriginal peoples continue to advocate for political and economic self-determination.

10. How has cultural contact affected people?
19th Century Europeans were not the first to create powerful empires.
Ottoman Empire
Roman Empire
China
Example: Algeria
Conquered by Rome in 100CE
Then conquered by Umayyads (Muslim empire)
Spanish control in 15th century
Ottomans in 16th century
French colony in 1830
Algeria independent in 1962.

11. 20th Century
European empires had fundamentally changed the lives and cultures of the people they ruled.
Examine the map on page 144.
Which regions were under European control?
How might this have affected the Indigenous peoples in those areas?

12. 1914

13. What Legacies do Imperial Powers leave?
Read the 3 speakers on page 145.
In your own words, capture each speaker’s statement or main idea.

14. Legacies: Languages
Imperial powers altered the lives of the Indigenous peoples by changing the language that they spoke.
Canada: French and English
Central and South America: Spanish
Brazil: Portuguese
North Africa: French
Vietnam: French
India: English
Argentina:
Spanish street signs, Spanish architecture, flamenco dancing.

15. Legacies of Migration
Origins of Immigrants to Canada, 1913
From , 30 million people migrated from Europe.
Does the immigration chart reflect a legacy of British imperial rule?

16. Legacies of Displacement
Indigenous peoples were displaces – forced off their land – when colonizers needed land.
This destroyed cultures and communities.
Read the Profile on page 147. What legacies of imperialism does Chinua Achebe address?

17. Legacies of Depopulation
Slavery in Africa led to depopulation
Families and communities were shattered as the young and strong were targeted by slave traders.
When slavery was abolished, millions of Indians were recruited as indentured workers as a new source of cheap workers.
Many remained in their new land after indenture period ended
Shop signs in an Indo-Fijian district of Fiji.

18. Legacies of Depopulation
Famine and Disease
6-10 million Indians dies of starvation
1896 – 1902
19 million Indians died of starvation and disease.
What affects might this have had on Indigenous peoples?

19. How have the exchange of goods and technologies affected people?
Grand Exchange: many new plants and animals were introduced to peoples around the globe.
Horses: Spanish brought to the Americas. This helped the Plains people to travel and transport goods faster and farther. Became symbols of wealth and status.
New World Plants
Old World Plants

20. How have the exchange of goods and technologies affected people?
Gun trade:
Buffalo used to be hunted by Plains peoples and every part was used.
With guns and trade with Europeans, Buffalo became a money-making commodity.
1800 – est. 30 million Buffalo
1900 – less than 1000.
Way of life forever destroyed

21. How do legacies continue to affect people?
How would societies have looked today without European imperialism?
Culture Change
Religious beliefs
Art
Architecture
Oppression
Poverty
Technologies
Loss of land

22. How do legacies continue to affect people?
GDP – gross domestic product
Value of all goods and services produced.
GDP per capita of former British colonies, 2006
How does this chart portray a legacy of historical globalization?