1. WATER, WATER Everywhere But Not a Drop to Drink!

2. Welcome Back to the Hydrosphere

3. Where Does That Water Go?? Where Has That Drop Been”

4. Hydrologic Cycle

5. Around and Around Water cycle Condensation Evaporation Precipitation
Transpiration
Sun
Clouds
Runoff
Groundwater
Surface water
Oceans, lakes, etc…
Freshwater
Saltwater

6. Water Cycle No Beginning and No End!

7. Where is Water Found on Earth?
Where It’s Found
Oceans
Lakes
Rivers
Ponds
Streams
Atmosphere
Tissues and organs of living things
Groundwater
Surface Water
States of Matter
Liquid
Frozen
Gaseous
Water Vapor

8. Water regulates the earth’s temperature/climate
Water Facts
70% of the Earth is covered with water.
The same amount of water that was here when Earth formed is still here. You might drink molecules that Neanderthals drank…
Water is the only substance that is found naturally on earth in three forms: solid, liquid and gas
Most of the Earth’s water is permanently frozen or salty.
IMPORTANT!
Water regulates the earth’s temperature/climate

9. 97% covers the oceans % is frozen Of all the water on the Earth only 1% is available for us to drink

10. Distribution of Water on Earth
Ice - 76%
Water Vapor – 0.037%
Lakes/Rivers – 0.34%
Deep groundwater – 11%
Shallow groundwater – 12%
Ice - 23mL = 22.8% W V - 01mL L R - .1mL D gw – 3.3mL S gw – 3.6mL

11. Most (2%) of the freshwater on the Earth is locked up in ice
Most (2%) of the freshwater on the Earth is locked up in ice. It’s found in Polar Ice Caps

12. Of the 3% of
freshwater
on the Earth,
only 1% is
available for
human’s to
drink

13. “Groundwater” “Glaciers” “Aquifers” “Wetlands”
Freshwater Resources
“Groundwater”
“Glaciers”
“Aquifers”
“Wetlands”

14. Where is Earth’s FRESHWATER?
Freshwater at Earth’s surface is a small fraction of all the water on the planet.
If 1 L of water represents all of Earth’s water, a drop represents all the water in lakes and rivers.

15. Where Freshwater is Located

16. Groundwater Water located below Earth’s Surface Largest Source of Freshwater in NORTH CAROLINA

17. Glaciers-a mass of ice and snow that moves slowly over Earth’s Surface

19. Are Icebergs\Glaciers Fresh or Salt Water?

20. Surface Water - Reservoirs
Lake-like bodies of
water created by damming
streams or rivers, usually to
supply water and/or
hydroelectric power to a
nearby area. Examples:
Falls of the Neuse - Raleigh
Little River Reservoir - Durham

21. Aquifer (located underground) A rock layer that stores water and allows water to flow through it.

22. Water that seeps into the soil is groundwater
Water that seeps into the soil is groundwater
It travels through spaces between the rocks
The type of rock determines how much water is stored and how fast it moves through the rocks
Aquifers –store this freshwater underground
Counties obtain drinking water and water for irrigation by tapping into aquifers.

24. Wetlands – Protected by Law and found “everywhere” on the Earth

25. Wetlands Protected by Law

27. Wetlands Act Like Sponges
Wetlands act as sponges in the landscape, collecting and holding rainwater to prevent flooding.
Since they soak up pollutants and sediments they can improve the quality of the water that will eventually become drinking water for communities.

28. Wetland Facts 50% of the Earth’s “wetlands” have been lost since 1900
Wetlands clean the rivers and lakes by removing pollution before the water enters the ocean
They help stop floods by holding water from rain and melting snow. They act as a sponge.
They are breeding and nesting places for numerous fish, birds; ducks, shellfish and other small animals
Provide home for many endangered species
Every time a wetland is drained at least 500 hundred animals die because of lost of habitat and food.
Many laws have been passed to save our wetlands

30. Rivers of North Carolina

31. Watershed - Drainage Basin River Basin - a drainage area of a river
Watershed – an area of land where rain collects and drains into a single place; lake, ocean, etc…
River Basins – large ones are made up of many watersheds
Main function: to move water from a higher to lower elevations – mountains to oceans
North Carolina has 17 river basins

34. North Carolina’s “17” River Basins

35. North Carolina’s “17” River Basins

36. What Have We Learned?

37. What Do You Think? Why do we need to protect the “Hydrosphere”?
Why do we need to practice conservation of our waters?
What is the

38. Environmental Protection Agency
Responsible for protecting and monitoring the
Earth’s natural resources:
Water Soil Air Plants Animals
Minerals Rocks

39. WATER, WATER Everywhere But Not a Drop to Drink!

40. Notice how of the world's total water supply of about 332
Notice how of the world's total water supply of about million cubic miles of water, over 96 percent is saline. And, of the total freshwater, over 68 percent is locked up in ice and glaciers. Another 30 percent of freshwater is in the ground. Fresh surface-water sources, such as rivers and lakes, only constitute about 22,300 cubic miles (93,100 cubic kilometers), which is about percent of total water. Yet, rivers and lakes are the sources of most of the water people use everyday.

41. Salinity
A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid (ocean water)

42. Water Conservation
Americans use five times as much water as Europeans use.
Humans use about 50 gallons of water daily
Today, more than 400 million people live in regions with severe water shortages

43. Waste Disposal Groundwater Contamination

44. 3. Which process is used in sewage treatment to kill infectious bacteria?
a) sedimentation c) filtration
b) chlorination d) flotation

45. Water Facts and Health
A person can live about a month without food, but only a week without water.
A quarter of the world’s population is without safe drinking water.
Water removes waste from the human body.
More than 2 billion people on earth do not have a safe supply of water.
Humans cannot drink salt water.
A person must consume 2 liters of water daily to live healthily.
You use an average of 168 gallons of water a day.
. Water regulates the temperature of the human body

46. Water is a Raw Material
It takes 450 L (120 g) of water to produce one egg.
To process one chicken we need 44 L (11.6 g) of water.
To process one can of fruit or vegetables we need 35 L (9.3 g) of water.
About 25,700 L (6,800 g) of water is required to grow a day’s food for a family of four.
It takes 7,000 L (1,850 g) of water to refine one barrel of crude oil.
To manufacture new cars 148,000 L (39,000 g) of water are used per car.
It takes 120 gallons of water to produce one egg.

47. Questions 1 1. Where is most freshwater located on Earth?
polar ice caps
groundwater
lakes
Rivers and streams

48. Answer 1. Where is most freshwater located on Earth? polar ice caps
groundwater
lakes
Rivers and streams

49. Question 2
What are two sources of freshwater used by cities for drinking water?
a. Glaciers and lakes
b. Aquifers and reservoirs
c. Wetlands and polar ice
d. Rivers and oceans

50. Answer
What are two sources of freshwater used by cities for drinking water?
a. Glaciers and lakes
b. Aquifers and reservoirs
c. Wetlands and polar ice
d. Rivers and oceans

51. Question 3
An area of land where precipitation moves from higher to lower elevations and then collects and drains into a stream or river is a
tributary
aquifer
c. watershed
d. wetland

52. Answer
An area of land where precipitation moves from higher to lower elevations and then collects and drains into a stream or river is a
tributary
aquifer
c. watershed
d. wetland

53. Questions 4
Where does North Carolina obtain most of its freshwater for drinking?
a. Groundwater
b. Reservoirs
c. Aquifers
d. Rivers and streams

54. Answer
Where does North Carolina obtain most of its freshwater for drinking?
a. Groundwater
b. Reservoirs
c. Aquifers
d. Rivers and streams

55. Question 5 Why is a wetland like a sponge?
It soaks up nutrients and stores them for animals to eat during the winter
It soaks up small animals and provides food for larger animals
c. It soaks up water and stores it for use during a drought.
It soaks up water and cleans it so freshwater might not become polluted

56. Answer Why is a wetland like a sponge?
It soaks up nutrients and stores them for animals to eat during the winter
It soaks up small animals and provides food for larger animals
c. It soaks up water and stores it for use during a drought.
It soaks up water and cleans it so freshwater might not become polluted

57. Question 6 Which describes the hydrosphere Most of it contains salt
It is made of only freshwater
All of it is located above ground
It is formed by a climate change

58. Answer Which describes the hydrosphere Most of it contains salt
It is made of only freshwater
All of it is located above ground
It is formed by a climate change

59. The End