1. Separator design, formula and construction to maintain electrical performance of the lead acid battery

3. Source: Nielsen Media Index & TGI Survey

4. Sources: US Census Bureau and Times Atlas of the World, tenth edition

5. Source: www.weatherbase.com

6. Rubber Separators
PE Separators

7. Water Loss Test + 40% Improvement
21 Days Overcharge 2.4 V/Cell at 40 °C
Positive PbSb 1.6 % / Negative PbCa – 2 Shot Formation
Water Loss [g/Ah]
PE Separator
Daramic HP+
+ 40% Improvement

8. Water Loss 25% Improvement 21 Days Overcharge 2.4 V/Cell at 40 °C
Positive PbCa / Negative PbCa – 2 Shot Formation
Water Loss [g/Ah]
PE Separator
DARAMIC HP+
25% Improvement

9. Increased Heat and Gassing Antimony Released from Positive Grid
Results in Loss of Capacity and Battery Failure
Higher Recharge Currents
Antimony Poisons Negative Electrode
Negative Electrode Depolarizes

10. Rubber

11. PVC
Rubber

12. PVC
Standard PE
Rubber

13. PVC
Standard PE
Rubber
Daramic HD

14. Oxidation Resistance Increase Separator Back-web Thickness
Increase Mass, Electrical Resistance and Acid Displacement
Laminate Glassmat to Separator
Prevents Shedding, Adds Component
Formulation Changes
Polymer and Anti-Oxidant

15. Oxidation Resistance Test – Perox 80
Measure Separator Mechanical Properties
Elongation, Puncture Resistance
Soak Separator in Oxidizing Solution
Hydrogen Peroxide / Sulfuric Acid
Elevated Temperature 80 degree C
Measure Remaining Separator Properties
After Soaking various times (e.g. 20, 40, … hours)
Determine Rate of Oxidation with Drop in Mechanical Properties

16. Daramic HP
End of Life < 100%

17. Daramic HP +
Daramic HP
25% Longer
End of Life < 100%

18. Standard PE Separator

19. Additive Level
PE Separator with additive
Standard PE Separator

20. Asian Market Summary SLI, Stationary and Motive Power Batteries
High Population Densities
Elevated Ambient Temperature
Use of Antimony Alloy

21. Elevated Temp & Antimony Alloy
SLI Application
Water Loss => Battery Dry-Out
Rubber Additive to PE Separator
Daramic HP+
Motive Power and Deep Cycle Application
Negative Electrode Poisoning
Loss of Capacity
Daramic HD
Oxidation Resistance
Rubber increases protection ~ 25%

22. SLI Application Characteristic Units Daramic HP Daramic HP+ (1)
Profile UI
Rubber Additive No
Yes
Back-web Thickness
microns
200
Puncture Resistance N
13.3
13.0
Electrical Resistance
mohms-cm2
48.1
50.0
Porosity %
59.9
58.5
Acid Wet-out
seconds
9.4
15.6
Residual Oil
wt %
Back-web
10.4
Total
16.2
16.5
CMD Elongation
368
414
Oxidation Resistance PEROX
CMD Elongation 20 hours
274
360
CMD Elongation 40 hours
112
214
Acid Shrinkage
0.44
0.31
(1) US Patent 5,221,587 W. Boehnstedt et.al

23. Deep Cycle Application
Characteristic
Units
Daramic CL
Daramic HD (1)
Profile BC
Rubber Additive No
Yes
Back-web Thickness
microns
500
Electrical Resistance
mohms-cm2
265
210
Porosity %
57.4
54.3
Ash Content
wt %
69.3
72.8
Residual Oil
Back-web
14.8
15.1
Total
20.4
20.5
CMD Elongation
256
339
Oxidation Resistance PEROX
CMD Elongation 20 hours
132
226
Acid Shrinkage
1.3
1.2
(1) US Patent 5,221,587 W. Boehnstedt et.al

24. Taipei 101

25. End