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Published byAvery Dorrington Modified over 9 years ago
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Grays Harbor Headwaters originate from Olympic and Cascade mountains Rainfall driven Estuary comprised of low gradient mudflats 37 mi 2 at MLLW 90 mi 2 at MHHW Drainage area = 2,600 mi 2 1,391 streams with 3,353 linear stream miles Major Tributaries Humptulips River Hoquiam River Wishkah River Chehalis River Wynoochee River Satsop River Black River Newaukum River Skookumchuck River
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Willapa Bay Headwaters originate from Willapa Hills, with exception of North River Rainfall driven Estuary comprised of low gradient mudflats Second largest estuary on West Coast 174 mi 2 at MLLW 260 mi 2 at MHHW Drainage area = 720 mi 2 754 streams with 1,470 linear stream miles Major Tributaries Cedar River North River Willapa River Niawiakum River Palix River Nemah River Naselle River Bear River
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Key Environmental Factors Grays Harbor – Weeks 40-48 (October – November) – Temperature ( o C) October: =12.5, min=9.7, max=15.6 November: =9.5, min=5.4, max=11.8 – Salinity (psu) October: =19.5, min=0.2, max=29.1 November: =16.4, min=0.02, max=28.7
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Key Environmental Factors Willapa Bay – Temperature ( o C) Mid-August through mid- September – August 15 th – 31st: =18.0, min=11.0 max=21.0 – September 1 st -15th: =17.0, min=7.5 max=20.6 Mid-September through end of October – September 16 th -31 st : =16.5, min=11.2 max=20.1 – October 1 st -31 st : =13.2, min=10.1 max=16.9 – Salinity (psu) Mid-August through mid- September – August 15 th – 31st: =28.0, min=2.8 max=32.7 – September 1 st -15th: =28.3, min=7.5 max=32.3 Mid-September through end of October – September 16 th -31 st : =28.0, min=7.9 max=32.7 – October 1 st -31 st : =26.6, min=0.9 max=32.4
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Current rates used – Chinook Gill net: 45% From Ashbrook et al 2004 Tangle net: 25% From TAC (14.7%), with buffer – Coho Gill net: 45% - From Chinook
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2013 Regulations Grays Harbor – 2A/2D: 45 min soak, recovery box required, release unmarked Chinook 1 day 4.25” tangle net 9 days 5-6.5” gill net – 2C: 4 days 5-8.5” gill net
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2013 Regulations Willapa Bay – Aug. 12 – Sept. 13: 21 days 5-9” gill net Release wild Chinook, 45 minute soak, recovery box required – Sept. 15 – Sept. 22: 8 days 5-6” gill net Release wild Chinook, 45 minute soak, recovery box required – Sept. 23 – Oct. 31 20 days 5-6.5” gill net Release wild Chinook, 45 minute soak, recovery box required – November 6 – 20 15 days 5-6.5” or 9” minimum gill net
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Fishery LocationTime PeriodGear Grays Harbor (areas 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) Weeks 40-48 Gillnet, 6 1/2” maximum mesh Grays Harbor (areas 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) Weeks 40-48 Tangle net, 4 ¼” maximum mesh Willapa Bay (areas 2M- 2T) Mid-August through mid-September Gillnet, 9” maximum mesh Willapa Bay (areas 2M– 2T) Mid-September through October 31 Gillnet, 6 ½” maximum mesh Table 1. Fishery locations, time periods, gear, and WACs for consideration by the IFSP.
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Grays Harbor 6.5” Gill Net Weeks 40-48 – October through November
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Grays Harbor, 6.5” Gill Net, Oct-Nov – Columbia River, 2001 & 2002, Long Term Mortality = 45% – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Columbia Species: – Chinook: Lower (Fall vs. Spring– maturation) – Chum: Temp: No significant difference (9.5-12.5 o C vs. 9 o C) Salinity: Higher (estuary transition zone vs. river) Mesh: No significant difference (6.5” vs 5.5-8”) Migration Duration: Lower (30d versus 180d) Soak Time: Lower (23 min vs. 39min) – 45 minutes by regulation, 2C no maximum soak time Recapture: No significant difference?, except 2A Higher (confined river vs. large open river)
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Grays Harbor, 6.5” Gill Net, Oct-Nov – Willapa Bay, 2000, Immediate Mortality = 20.5% – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Willapa Bay Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Lower (9.5-12.5 o C vs. 13.7 o C) Salinity: Higher? (20 ppt vs. 28 ppt) Mesh: No significant difference (6.5” vs 7.25”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Lower (23 min vs. 32min) Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined, Immediate mortality = 24.5%
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Grays Harbor, 6.5” Gill Net, Oct-Nov – Willapa Bay, 2001, Immediate Mortality = 12.8% – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Willapa Bay Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Lower (9.5-12.5 o C vs. 13.7 o C) Salinity: Higher? (20 ppt vs. 28 ppt) Mesh: No significant difference (5.75” vs 5.75”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: No significant difference (23min vs. 28min) Recapture: No significant difference
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Grays Harbor, 6.5” Gill Net, Oct-Nov – Willapa Bay, 2003, Immediate Mortality = 15% – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Willapa Bay Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Lower (9.5-12.5 o C vs. ~15.5 o C) Salinity: Higher? (20 ppt vs. 28 ppt) Mesh: No significant difference (5.75” vs 5.75”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Higher (23min vs. 13min) Recapture: No significant difference – Also examined coho, Immediate Mortality = 10.9%
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Grays Harbor 4.25” Tangle Net
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Grays Harbor, 4.25” Tangle Net, Oct-Nov – Columbia River, 2003, Long Term Mortality = 15.6% Revised by TAC to 14.7% – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Columbia Species: – Chinook: Lower (Fall Chinook vs. Spring Chinook – maturation) – Chum: Temp: No significant difference (9.5-12.5 o C vs. 9 o C) Salinity: Higher (estuary transition zone vs. river) Mesh: No significant difference (4.25” vs 4.25-4.5”) Migration Duration: Lower (30d versus 180d) Soak Time: Higher (45min vs. 34min) Recapture: No significant difference?, except 2A Higher (confined river vs. large open river)
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Grays Harbor, 4.25” Tangle Net, Oct-Nov – Willapa Bay, 2000 & 2001, Immediate Mortality = 5.9 % (8.1 & 3.7) – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Willapa Bay Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Lower (9.5-12.5 o C vs. ~13.5 o C) Salinity: Higher? (20 ppt vs. 28 ppt) Mesh: Higher (4.25” vs 3.5”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Lower (23min vs. 30min) – 45 min by regulation Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined in 2001, Immediate Mortality = 19.9%
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Grays Harbor, 4.25” Tangle Net, Oct-Nov – Willapa Bay, 2003, Immediate Mortality = 3.7 % – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Willapa Bay Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Lower (9.5-12.5 o C vs. ~13.5 o C) Salinity: Higher? (20 ppt vs. 28 ppt) Mesh: Higher (4.25” vs 3.5”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Higher (23min vs. 14min) – 45 min by regulation Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined in 2001, Immediate Mortality = 11.3%
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Willapa Bay 9” Gill Net
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Willapa Bay, 9” Gill Net, Aug 16 – Sept. 15 – Columbia River, 2001 & 2002, Long Term Mortality = 45% – Effect on Mortality: Willapa Bay versus Columbia River Species: – Chinook: Lower (Fall Chinook vs. Spring Chinook – maturation) – Chum: Temp: Higher (17-18 o C vs. 9 o C) Salinity: Higher (estuary transition zone vs. river) Mesh: Higher (9” vs 5.5-8”) Migration Duration: Lower (30d versus 180d) Soak Time: Lower (30min vs. 39min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference?, except 2U Higher (confined river vs. large open river)
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Willapa Bay, 9” Gill Net, Aug 16 – Sept. 15 – Willapa Bay, 2000, Immediate Mortality = 20.5% – Effect on Mortality: Current versus 2000 Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Higher (17-18 o C vs. 13.7 o C) Salinity: No significant difference Mesh: Higher (9” vs 7.25”) Migration Duration: No significant difference Soak Time: No significant difference(30min vs. 32min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined, Immediate mortality = 24.5%
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Willapa Bay, 9” Gill Net, Aug 16 – Sept. 15 – Willapa Bay, 2001, Immediate Mortality = 12.8% – Effect on Mortality: Current versus 2001 Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Higher (17-18 o C vs. 13 o C) Salinity: Salinity: No significant difference Mesh: Higher (9” vs 5.75”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: No significant difference (30min vs. 28min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference
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Willapa Bay, 9” Gill Net, Aug 16 – Sept. 15 – Willapa Bay, 2003, Immediate Mortality = 15% – Effect on Mortality: Current versus 2003 Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Higher (17-18 o C vs. ~15.5 o C) Salinity: No significant difference Mesh: No significant difference (6.5” vs 5.75”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Higher (30min vs. 13min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference – Also examined coho, Immediate Mortality = 10.9% (only time)
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Willapa Bay 6.5” Tangle Net
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Willapa Bay, 6.5” Tangle Net, Sept. 16 – Oct. 31 – Columbia River, 2003, Long Term Mortality = 15.6% Revised by TAC to 13.7% – Effect on Mortality: Willapa Bay versus Columbia Species: – Chinook: Lower (Fall Chinook vs. Spring Chinook – maturation) – Chum: Temp: Higher (13.2-16.5 o C vs. 9 o C) Salinity: Higher (estuary transition zone vs. river) Mesh: Higher (6.5” vs 4.25-4.5”) Migration Duration: Lower (30d versus 180d) Soak Time: No significant difference (30min vs. 34min) – 45 minutes by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference?, except 2U Higher (confined river vs. large open river)
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Willapa Bay, 6.5” Tangle Net, Sept. 16 – Oct. 31 – Willapa Bay, 2000 & 2001, Immediate Mortality = 5.9% (8.1 & 3.7) – Effect on Mortality: Current versus 2000 & 2001 – Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Higher (13.2-16.5 o C vs. ~13.5 o C) Salinity: No significant difference Mesh: Higher (6.5” vs 3.5”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: No significant difference(30min vs. 30min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined in 2001, Immediate Mortality = 19.9%
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Willapa Bay, 6.5” Tangle Net, Sept. 16 – Oct. 31 – Willapa Bay, 2003, Immediate Mortality = 3.7 % – Effect on Mortality: Current versus 2003 – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum : Temp: Higher(13.2-16.5 o C vs. ~13.5 o C) Salinity : No significant difference Mesh: Higher (6.5” vs 3.5”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Higher (30min vs. 14min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined in 2001, Immediate Mortality = 11.3%
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Other Miscelleneous Data Baranski 1980: Reports higher mortality rates for Skagit River Chinook caught in lower river (98%) versus upper river 1 month later (<5%) Zajec: Reports immediate mortality rates for Chum in Quilcene Bay of 26% and 10% Baker et al. 2013: found evidence for delayed or inhibited maturation in fish with disentanglement injuries
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Immediate versus Long Term Only Studies are Columbia River – Ratio is 7X to 65X – Is 7X the minimum value? Mortality versus time – What is shape of function? – Hooking mortality, most mortality is within first few days
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