1. All About Roses By: Duane DeDene

2. Introduction Origins and Types of Rose Origins and Types of Rose What to Look For When Purchasing a Rose What to Look For When Purchasing a Rose How to Plant a Rose How to Plant a Rose Spring and Summer Care Spring and Summer Care Insects and Diseases ID and Control Insects and Diseases ID and Control Pruning of Roses Pruning of Roses Question and Answer Question and Answer

3. Origins & Types of Roses

4. Hybrid Tea Most popular of modern rose types Most popular of modern rose types The classic rose The classic rose Usually single stems but – sometimes side buds Usually single stems but – sometimes side buds Large blooms with typically between 30 & 50 petals per bloom – but can be as few as 5 Large blooms with typically between 30 & 50 petals per bloom – but can be as few as 5

5. Brigadoon

6. Dainty Bess

7. Touch of Class

8. Peace

9. Gemini

10. Floribunda Bears flowers in large clusters – usually more than one bloom in flower at a time Bears flowers in large clusters – usually more than one bloom in flower at a time Massive, colorful, long lasting displays Massive, colorful, long lasting displays Blooms more continuous than HT Blooms more continuous than HT Hardier than HT Hardier than HT Better in wet weather Better in wet weather Easier to care for than HT Easier to care for than HT

11. Europeana

12. Lavaglut

13. Playgirl

14. Bill Warriner

15. Grandiflora Cross between Hybrid Tea & Floribunda Cross between Hybrid Tea & Floribunda Bears single blooms of HT quality Bears single blooms of HT quality Bears clusters of blooms – 3 to 5 blooms Bears clusters of blooms – 3 to 5 blooms Blooms have classic HT shape Blooms have classic HT shape Queen Elizabeth – the first and very good Grandiflora variety Queen Elizabeth – the first and very good Grandiflora variety

16. Candelabra

17. Caribbean

18. Gold Medal

19. Love

20. Shrub/English Known for their hardiness Known for their hardiness Produce large quantities of clusters of flowers Produce large quantities of clusters of flowers Includes the David Austin English roses Includes the David Austin English roses Becoming more and more popular Becoming more and more popular

21. Bonica

22. Morden Blush

23. The Prince

24. Sharifa Asma

25. Miniature Hybrid Tea Form in miniature size Hybrid Tea Form in miniature size Miniature refers to the bloom not necessarily the bush Miniature refers to the bloom not necessarily the bush Versatile – garden, pots/patios Versatile – garden, pots/patios Own root stock Own root stock Easy to grow Easy to grow

26. Black Jade

27. Hot Tamale

28. Incognito

29. Playgold

30. Tangerine Twist

31. Purchasing a Rose What to Look For Field Grown – 2 years old Field Grown – 2 years old Grade 1 (first choice), maybe Grade 1 ½, never Grade 2 – American Nursery Standards – based on the size & number of canes Grade 1 (first choice), maybe Grade 1 ½, never Grade 2 – American Nursery Standards – based on the size & number of canes ARS Rating – 7.5 or higher – the higher the rating the better the rose ARS Rating – 7.5 or higher – the higher the rating the better the rose Canes should be bright green, no splits in bark Canes should be bright green, no splits in bark Leaves should be dark green, no signs of disease Leaves should be dark green, no signs of disease Three or more canes – each at ½” diameter Three or more canes – each at ½” diameter Grafted or Own Root – that is the question Grafted or Own Root – that is the question

32. Packaging Bare Root – from mail order, wide variety Bare Root – from mail order, wide variety Potted – found in nurseries, bare root but with a head start Potted – found in nurseries, bare root but with a head start Boxed – found in nurseries, Jackson Perkins, do not plant the box, treat as bare root, purchase early in the season Boxed – found in nurseries, Jackson Perkins, do not plant the box, treat as bare root, purchase early in the season Plastic Bag – found in nurseries, discounters, typically non-patented varieties, treat as bare root, questionable value Plastic Bag – found in nurseries, discounters, typically non-patented varieties, treat as bare root, questionable value Garden Bed Raised or Ground Beds (do not use creosote preserved boards for garden borders) Raised or Ground Beds (do not use creosote preserved boards for garden borders) Minimum of 6 hours full sun – the more the better Minimum of 6 hours full sun – the more the better Well drained Well drained Sandy Loam Soil mixed with organics (well rotted manure, peat. compost) Sandy Loam Soil mixed with organics (well rotted manure, peat. compost)

33. Planting Bare Root Roses Plant soon after receiving Plant soon after receiving Soak plant 24 hrs prior to planting Soak plant 24 hrs prior to planting Remove damaged canes and roots Remove damaged canes and roots Prune canes and extra long roots as needed Prune canes and extra long roots as needed Dig hole deep enough so bud union is 2” to 3” below final soil surface Dig hole deep enough so bud union is 2” to 3” below final soil surface Dig wide enough to easily fit roots Dig wide enough to easily fit roots Make soil cone for roots Make soil cone for roots Fill hole ½ with soil and use fingers to tamp (not fist) Fill hole ½ with soil and use fingers to tamp (not fist) Water and let settle Water and let settle Fill remainder of hole and water Fill remainder of hole and water Cover new plant with soil or paper bag for 2 to 3 weeks – gently uncover Cover new plant with soil or paper bag for 2 to 3 weeks – gently uncover

34. Planting Potted Roses Water rose well the night before planting to ensure a moist root ball Water rose well the night before planting to ensure a moist root ball Most potted roses are planted high in the pot (bud union above the soil) - Dig hole deeper than the pot so bud union is 2”-3” below final soil level Most potted roses are planted high in the pot (bud union above the soil) - Dig hole deeper than the pot so bud union is 2”-3” below final soil level Dig hole 2-3 times wider than the pot Dig hole 2-3 times wider than the pot Set pot in hole to check depth Set pot in hole to check depth Gently tap entire root ball out of the pot and set in hole Gently tap entire root ball out of the pot and set in hole Fill ½ of hole with prepared soil, water in and let settle Fill ½ of hole with prepared soil, water in and let settle Fill remaining hole with soil to final level, water in and let settle Fill remaining hole with soil to final level, water in and let settle No need to mound as the rose bush has already been prepared No need to mound as the rose bush has already been prepared

35. Spring & Summer Care PruningFertilizingWatering Insects and Diseases – ID and Control

36. Pruning of Roses Types Spring – typically more severe Spring – typically more severe Maintenance – dead heading, shaping Maintenance – dead heading, shaping Thumb – removing unwanted buds to enhance remaining blooms Thumb – removing unwanted buds to enhance remaining bloomsProcedure Use sharp bypass (scissor type) pruners Use sharp bypass (scissor type) pruners Cut at 45 deg angle approx. ¼” above outside facing bud or 5 leaflet Cut at 45 deg angle approx. ¼” above outside facing bud or 5 leaflet Center of cane (pith) should be creamy white/greenish white (not brown) Center of cane (pith) should be creamy white/greenish white (not brown) Seal cuts with weather proof Elmers glue Seal cuts with weather proof Elmers glue Remove dead and damaged canes Remove dead and damaged canes Remove crossing canes Remove crossing canes Open up the center of the bush for better air circulation Open up the center of the bush for better air circulation Remove weak and spindly growth – puts energy into good canes Remove weak and spindly growth – puts energy into good canes

37. Typical Pruning Cut

43. Fertilizing & Watering Fertilization Important to have soil tested to determine what is needed Important to have soil tested to determine what is needed Roses are heavy feeders Roses are heavy feeders Apply between April and end of August – none after August 31 st, helps rose slow growth and prepare for winter Apply between April and end of August – none after August 31 st, helps rose slow growth and prepare for winter Types Types General or Specific General or Specific Chemical or Organic Chemical or Organic Granular or Liquid Granular or Liquid Immediate or Time Release Immediate or Time ReleaseWatering Roses don’t like wet feet – 1-inch water (rain or irrigation) per week If possible water early in the day – allows leaves to dry helping prevent sunscald and spreading of fungal diseases Apply water at base of bush. However, overhead watering is OK Water deeply allowing water to soak down to roots

44. Insects & Diseases Identification and Control

45. Aphids Ways to Control Wipe off with your fingers Wipe off with your fingers Water spray with the hose Water spray with the hose Use insecticide Use insecticide

46. Japanese Beetles Ways to Control Pick them off by hand Pick them off by hand Use insecticide Use insecticide Don’t use traps Don’t use traps

47. Rose Slugs Ways to control Pick off by hand Pick off by hand Use insecticide Use insecticide

48. Flower Thrip Very small (0.12 cm) sucking insect Very small (0.12 cm) sucking insect Attack mainly the flow bud and bloom – petals turn brown or get brown spots/streaks Attack mainly the flow bud and bloom – petals turn brown or get brown spots/streaks Light colored (white, yellows, apricot) roses seem most attractive Light colored (white, yellows, apricot) roses seem most attractive Remove and dispose of infested blooms Remove and dispose of infested blooms Can use insecticides but need to get early and must take care if on open flowers to get inside the bloom Can use insecticides but need to get early and must take care if on open flowers to get inside the bloom Multiple applications may be needed for control Multiple applications may be needed for control

49. Leaf Cutter Bee Harmless – purely aesthetic

50. Blackspot Very common rose disease Prevention & Control Clean Garden – remove leaf litter etc. from around plants Clean Garden – remove leaf litter etc. from around plants Clean bush – remove bottom leaves up about 3-4 inches, Clean bush – remove bottom leaves up about 3-4 inches, Mulch around bushes Mulch around bushes Maintain good air circulation Maintain good air circulation Spray roses with fungicide on regular basis – 10 day intervals Spray roses with fungicide on regular basis – 10 day intervals Remove infected leaves – do not put in compost Remove infected leaves – do not put in compost

51. Powdery Mildew Prevention & Control Clean Garden – remove leaf litter etc. from around plants Clean Garden – remove leaf litter etc. from around plants Clean bush – remove bottom leaves up about 3-4 inches, Clean bush – remove bottom leaves up about 3-4 inches, Mulch around bushes Mulch around bushes Maintain good air circulation Maintain good air circulation Spray roses with fungicide on regular basis – 10 day intervals Spray roses with fungicide on regular basis – 10 day intervals Remove infected leaves – do not put in compost Remove infected leaves – do not put in compost

52. Rose Mosaic Virus Prevention & Control Purchase rose bushes from reputable dealers only – quality bushes Purchase rose bushes from reputable dealers only – quality bushes Seldom lethal to the bush Seldom lethal to the bush Reduces plant vigor and increases sensitivity to winter kill Reduces plant vigor and increases sensitivity to winter kill Foliage mottling detracts from overall plant Foliage mottling detracts from overall plant Symptoms can come and go Symptoms can come and go No cure – remove plant from garden No cure – remove plant from garden

53. Questions and Answers Evaluation