1. THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA
CHAPTER 11 - SECTION 1

2. WHY IT MATTERS NOW
African nations continue to feel the effects of the colonial presence more than 100 years later

3. EMPIRE BUILDING
Europeans established colonies ignoring the claims of African:
Ethnic groups
Kingdoms
City-states

4. IMPERIALISM
The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country
WHY DID EUROPEANS WANT TO COLONIZE AFRICA?
Industrialization leads to the need for more resources - new markets

5. AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN DOMINATION
Divided into 100s of ethnic groups
1000s of languages
Large empires that united independent villages

6. NATIONS COMPETE FOR OVERSEAS EMPIRES
Steamboat- aided inland travel
Missionaries, explorers, humanitarians who opposed Euro and US slave trade
Led to an increase in travel books and newspapers -
Stories of adventure, mystery & excitement

7. "DR. LIVINGSTON, I PRESUME?"

8. THE CONGO SPARKS INTEREST
Henry Stanley:
Commissioned by King Leopold II of Belgium
To obtain land in the Congo
Claimed the motive was to end slavery & promote Christianity
Really he just exploited the Congolese
10 million die at hands of Leopold
Other nations alarmed! (France)

9. FORCES DRIVING IMPERIALISM
Belief in European Superiority
National pride - measure of national greatness
Racism - reflection of Social Darwinism -

10. FACTORS PROMOTING IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA
Europe: Technologically superior?
Maxim Gun
Steam engine
Quinine - protected against malaria
Discovery of gold and diamonds
Ethnic differences in Africa led to cultural clashes

11. BERLIN CONFERENCE
14 European countries lay down ground rules for dividing up Africa

12. Demand for Raw Materials Shapes the Colonies
Belgian Congo = Copper & Tin South Africa = Gold & Diamonds All over Africa = Cash crops peanuts palm oil cocoa rubber

13. Three Groups Clash Over South Africa
Africans, Dutch & British
Zulus Fight the British
Shaka – Zulu Chief – who used highly disciplined warriors & good military organization to create a large centralized state.
Eventually lose their lands to the British invaders

14. Boers & The British Settle in the Cape
Boers (Afrikaners)= Dutch Farmers
Took African lands & developed farms
British take over the land & clash with boers
Boers fled north (The Great Trek)

15. Boer War (South African War)
Diamonds & gold found in South Africa
Boers – tried to keep outisiders from gaining political rights –caused rebellion
Boers blame the British – begin war
Boers = Guerilla tactics
British = burned farms – imprisoned women & children (diseased concentration camps)

16. Britain Wins the War
Many Africans had been placed in concentration camps (14,000 died)
1910 – British win & develop the Union of South Africa
Europeans attempted to change the political, social & economic lives of people they conquered