1. European Expansion into Africa: Motivations and Fashoda HIST 4339

2. Room Change Starting Mon, Nov 26, we will meet in CLUB 4

3. Outline Final paper guidelines Comparative imperialism Methods of colonial control: – Omdurman – Fashoda

4. Imperial Motivations German “sonderweg” [peculiar path]: —colonialism as distraction from internal problems (Hans-Ulrich Wehler) French ideal of “overseas France” —ambitions to control all of North Africa

5. Imperial Motivations British focus on securing route to India Also private hopes for African future (e.g. Rhodes’s Cape-to- Cairo railway) Punch Cartoon Depicting the “Rhodes Colussus”

6. Africa in 1914

7. Methods of Colonial Control: Sudan Cases of imperial violence: – Omdurman – Fashoda

8. Omdurman British effort to retake Sudan after Mahdist army’s rebellion against Egyptian rule www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ward_1912/egypt_under_british.jpg

9. Omdurman Battle of Omdurman (2 Sept 1898): British defeat of Mahdist army ◦ 48 Anglo-Egyptian casualties vs. 11,000 Mahdist casualties ◦ British satirist Hilaire Belloc: Whatever happens, we have got the Maxim gun, and they have not. www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ward_1912/egypt_under_british.jpg

10. Fashoda (1898) French plans to dam Nile, gain control over British in Egypt Victorious Anglo- Egyptian army stumbled across small French garrison www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ward_1912/egypt_under_british.jpg

11. Fashoda (1898) Tense weeks-long standoff between Britain and France over Fashoda Eventual French surrender www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ward_1912/egypt_under_british.jpg

12. Conclusions Berlin Conference of 1884-85 as one step in European process of dividing Africa German, French, and British motives and methods of rule varied Fashoda as explosion that wasn’t, end of French hopes Room change: after break, meet in CLUB 4