1. FORMS OF IMPERIALISM DIRECT RULE INDIRECT RULE PROTECTORATE SPHERE OF INFLUENCE Colonial power bring in their own officials and soldiers to administer and rule colonies – as seen with France GOAL: Impose French culture on their colonies and turn them into French Provinces –government based only On Colonial power Colonial power rules through cooperation with local/native ruler or rulers giving area limited self rule and may keep some local rules based on European style Great Britain used sultans, chiefs or local rulers and encouraged their children to be educated in England creating a Westernized generation of leaders spreading British culture and continued control Local rulers were left in place with its own internal government, but under the control of a Colonial Power who gave advice to be followed such as trade, economics, industries, and missionary activity An area of a country in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or control on production and trading privileges to prevent conflict with other powers, as seen in China

2. CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM NATIONALISMECONOMIC RACISM RELIGION Missionary Impulse European nations demonstrating their power and prestige to the world – pride in their accomplishments – forced to acquire new colonies to achieve a balance with their competitors Industrial Revolution created an greedy demand for raw materials and new markets European sense of superiority made them feel obligated to bring their version of civilization to areas they considered uncivilized – Europeans believed inferior races should be conquered to civilize them Convert new people to their religion thus expanding their empire. Through religion they spread Western culture values

3. SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA Meeting between European nations to create rules on how to peacefully divide Africa among themselves for colonization Prior to colonization Africa consisted of organized empires 20 million slaves were exported from Africa Africans no say in takeover of their Continent Africans resisted Europeans At times going to war AFRICA EFFECTS Improper border design Ethnic Struggles Patronage politics Civil Conflict Poverty Underdevelopment Ethnic partitioning Border disputes End of slave trade –loss of $$ -natural resources are exploited Production of cash crops Africans excluded from Gov. positions EUROPEAN CONTACT Prior to Scramble for Africa Small part of Africa under European control They were on the Coast & short distance inland along major rivers Exploration BERLIN CONFERENCE