1. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS DONG Chaohua National Satellite Meteorological Centre (NSMC) China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Beijing 100081, P. R. China Dchua@nsmc.cma.gov.cn

2. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS 1.INTRODUCTION 2.CURRENT POLAR ORBITING METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEM 3.CURRENT GEOSTATIONARY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEM 4.FUTURE POLAR ORBITING SATELLITE SYSTEM 5.FUTURE GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE SYSTEMS 6.SUMMARY CONTENTS

3. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Chinese meteorological satellite program began from 1970’s Consist of two series: LEO-SAT GEO-SAT Satellite name: Feng-Yun, abbreviated as FY- series Chinese words feng-yun in English standards for “ winds and clouds” Fy-odd numbers for polar orbiting satellite FY-even numbers for geostationary satellite 1. INTRUDOCTION

4. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS space segment The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) take the responsibility for the development of space segment ground segment China Meteorological Administration (CMA) is in charge of the ground segment

5. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Four polar orbiting satellites had been launched by china: FY-1A/B (exp) FY-1C/D (ope) Improvements of FY-1C/D: −Reliability : 1999 - 2004 (FY-1C) 2002 - (FY-1D) −Spectral channels: from 5 to 10 −Data transmission rate: from 0.6654 - 1.3308 Mbps 2.CURRENT POLAR ORBITING METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEM

6. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Transmission modes: HRPT (1708 MHZ) DLPT (1700 MHZ) DGPT (1700 MHZ) EIRP: 39.4 dbm Altitude: FY-1C 873km; FY-1D 866km Period: 102.3 minutes Inclination: 98.8 Descending node (lst): 08:15 (FY-1C), 08:45 (FY-1D) Design life: 2 years Major characteristics of FY-1C/D

7. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS The channel characteristics of MVISR of FY-1C/D Channel Wavelength (  m) Primary Use 10.58-0.68Daytime cloud, ice and snow, vegetation 20.84-0.89Daytime cloud, vegetation 33.55-3.95Heat source, night cloud 410.3-11.3SST, day/night cloud 511.5-12.5SST, day/night cloud 61.58-1.64Soil moisture, ice/snow distinguishing 70.43-0.48Ocean colour 80.48-0.53Ocean colour 90.53-0.58Ocean colour 100.90-0.985Water vapour

8. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS FY-1 Data Flow Schematic diagram DPC (Beijing ) VSAT Optical Fiber Beijing Guangzhou Urumqi Users

9. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Two geostationary satellites were launched by China: FY-2A/B(exp) −FY-2A located at 86, not working now −FY-2B located at 105: 2000- half hemisphere (north) since last year −Broadcasting S-VISSR data −three channels : IR, VI, WV 3.CURRENT GEOSTATIONARY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEM

10. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Major Characteristics of VISSR onboard FY-2B VisibleInfraredWater Vapor Wavelength 0.5-1.05  m10.5-12.5  m6.2-7.6  m Resolution1.25 Km5 Km FOV 35  rad140  rad Scan Line2500×42500 DetectorSi-photo-diodeHgCdTe Noise Performance S/N=6.5 (albedo=2.5%) S/N=43 (albedo=95%) NEDT=0.5-0.65k (300k) NEDT=1k (300K) Quantification Precision 6 bits8 bits Scan step angle 140  rad (N-S scanning)

11. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS −two research and development (R&D) satellites −Five operational satellites −Launch schedule: 2006 FY-3A 4.Future Polar orbiting satellite system FY-3 series is second generation

12. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS The Mission of FY-3 Series (1/2) Global sounding capability To obtain three-dimensional thermal structure and water vapor distribution of the atmosphere, cloud and other parameters, to support NMC global NWP

13. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS The Mission of FY-3 Series (2/2) Global imaging capability To monitor severe weather, hydrological and meteorological disasters and biosphere environment, provide information for climate observations Data collection and transmission capability

14. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Main specifications of the FY-3 (1/2) Orbit altitude: 836 km Orbit: Sun-synchronous, inclination=98.728 Eccentricity: better than 0.0034 Descending Nodal time: 10:10 am (LST) Shift Nodal time maintained: 10 mins(2 years) Power: 1100 watts (orbital average, estimated) Weight: 2200 kg (estimated up to now)

15. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Attitude control: Three axis stabilization −Pointing accuracy: better than 0.3 degree −Pointing stability: better than 0.004 deg/sec −Pointing knowledge requirement: better than 0.05 deg Solar panel: tracking to the sun Main specifications of the FY-3 (2/2)

16. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS The Imaging Mission: VIRRVisible and InfRared Radiometer MERSIMedium Resolution Spectral Imager MWRIMicrowave Radiation Imager The Sounding Mission The Sounding Mission IRASInfraRed Atmospheric Sounder ASIAtmospheric Sounding Interferometer MWTSMicroWave Temperature Sounder MWHSMicroWave Humidity Sounder

17. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS SBUVSolar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder TOUTotal Ozone Unit The Complementary Mission The Complementary Mission SIMSolar Irradiation Monitor ERMEarth Radiation Measurement SEMSpace Environment Monitor

18. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Name of Instrument Number of Channels Spectral range Field of Views /line Spatial Resoluation at Sub point (km) VIRR10 0.43 – 12.5μm 20481.1 IRAS26 0.69 – 15.5 μm 5617 MWTS450 – 57 GHz1550/75 MWHS5150 – 183 GHz9015 MERSI20 0.41 – 12.5 μm 2048/81921.1/250 SBUS12252 – 280 nm24070/10 TOU6309 – 361 nm3150 MWRI610.65 – 150 GHz24015-70 ASITBD Basic Information for Each Instrument

19. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Transmission modes: AHRPT: 1698 - 1710 MHz, 4.2 Mbps MPT: 7750 - 7850 MHz, 18.7 Mbps DPT : 8024 - 8400 MHz, 93.0 Mbps Data Format And Transmission Scheme Data Format CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems )

20. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS FY-3 Ground Segment 7 receiving stations one of the stations will be in Svalbard Norway (waiting for approving) Products from FY-3 will be broadcasted by DVBS

21. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS The first two satellites FY-3A and FY-3B and the on-board instruments are underway The corresponding ground segment is being designed. What is going on about FY-3 ?

22. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS

23. FY-2C/D/E satellites : 1st generation and ope. Improvements of FY-2C/D/E on the basis of FY- 2A/B −Channel numbers: from 3 to 5 −Split IR window channels and 3.5-4.0 µ m −Data quantization level of IR: from 256-1024 −LRIT data transmission −S-VISSR data transmission −Launch schedule: October, 2004 (FY-2C) 2007 (FY-2D) 2010 (FY-2E) 5.Future Geostationary satellite systems

24. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Transmission frequency: 1687.5MHz EIRP: 57.5 dbm Polarization: linear Data rate: 660Kbps Bandwidth: 2MHz Modulation: PCM/BPSK Data coverage: S-VISSR(5 channels) S-VISSR transmission characteristics

25. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS The channel characteristics of VISSR FY-2C VISIR1IR2IR3WV Wavelength(μm) 0.55 – 0.99 10.3-11.3 11.5- 12.5 3.5-4.06.3-7.6 FOV (μr) 35140 Spatial resolution(km) 1.255555 S/N 1.5 (0.5%) Dynamic range 0 - 98 % 180 ～ 330K 180-280K Temperature resolution 0.4-0.2K0.4-0.2k0.5-0.3k0.6-0.5k Quantization level 641024 256

26. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS The manufacture of FY-2C is underway. Ground segment of FY-2C is nearly ready for launch What is going on about FY-2C ?

27. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Constellation including two series: refer to A series and B series A: VIS and IR satellites, early launch around 2012 B: microwave satellites, early launch around 2015 Second Generation of Geostationary: FY-4

28. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Consideration of “A” type payload Powerful imager with more than 10 channels A hyper-spectral instrument is pursued on as the IR sounder with reasonable spatial resolution Lighting mapper for locating the thunderstorm in flooding season

29. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Consideration of “B” type payload Microwave sounder working on higher frequencies for sounding the cloudy atmosphere CCD camera with high spatial resolution for frequent high resolution imagery observation for the severe weather

30. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS To have enhanced control capability Application will cover weather, climate and environment, as well as rapid response fields FY-4 ground segment

31. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS Now FY-4 is at the definition and pre- configuration stage Some of the key technical studies are underway The first satellite is scheduled to be developed during 2006-2012 Launch after FY-2E (2012) What is going on about FY-4 ?

32. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS 6. SUMMARY To meet national requirements and modernizing the meteorological service of China and world meteorological community. China will continue her effort to develop two types (LEO and GEO). Chinese satellites are not only benefit the nation of China, but also a valuable contribution to the international meteorological, hydrological and environmental community.

33. CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS The End