1. Poisson Brackets

2. Matrix Form  The dynamic variables can be assigned to a single set. q 1, q 2, …, q n, p 1, p 2, …, p nq 1, q 2, …, q n, p 1, p 2, …, p n z 1, z 2, …, z 2nz 1, z 2, …, z 2n  Hamilton’s equations can be written in terms of z  Symplectic 2 n x 2 n matrixSymplectic 2 n x 2 n matrix Return the LagrangianReturn the Lagrangian

3. Dynamical Variable  A dynamical variable F can be expanded in terms of the independent variables.  This can be expressed in terms of the Hamiltonian.  The Hamiltonian provides knowledge of F in phase space. S1S1

4. Angular Momentum Example  The two dimensional harmonic oscillator can be put in normalized coordinates. m = k = 1m = k = 1  Find the change in angular momentum l. It’s conservedIt’s conserved

5. Poisson Bracket  The time-independent part of the expansion is the Poisson bracket of F with H.  This can be generalized for any two dynamical variables.  Hamilton’s equations are the Poisson bracket of the coordinates with the Hamitonian. S1S1

6. Bracket Properties  The Poisson bracket defines the Lie algebra for the coordinates q, p. BilinearBilinear AntisymmetricAntisymmetric Jacobi identityJacobi identity S1S1 {A + B, C} ={A, C} + {B, C} {  A, B} =  {A, B} {A, B} =  {B, A} {A, {B, C}} + {B, {C, A}} + {C, {A, B}} = 0

7. Poisson Properties  In addition to the Lie algebra properties there are two other properties. Product ruleProduct rule Chain ruleChain rule  The Poisson bracket acts like a derivative.

8. Poisson Bracket Theorem  Let z  (t) describe the time development of some system. This is generated by a Hamiltonian if and only if every pair of dynamical variables satisfies the following relation:

9. Not Hamiltonian  Equations of motion must follow standard form if they come from a Hamiltonian.  Consider a pair of equations in 1-dimension. Not consistent with motion Not consistent with H next