1. Fixed appliances

2. Development of orthodontics in china
Removable
Begg
Edgewise
Straightwire (pre-adjusted)

10. Bracket
Metal
Ceramic
Plastic

25. Disadvantages of ceramic brackets
The bond is too strong
Brittle
Too hard
High friction

26. Band (1) Buccal and often lingual attachments are soldered or welded.
(2) Piror to placement of a band it may be necessary to separate the adjacent tooth contacts.
(3) There are different sizes of bands for different sizes of molar.
(4) Glass ionomer cement is used for band cementation.

32. Archwires
Stainless steel wire
NiTi wire
Mutistrand wire

34. Round wire: 0.014”,16”,18”
Rectangular wire:0.016”x0.022”,et al.

36. Sequence From thin to thick From NiTi to stainless steel
From round to rectangular

37. First-order bends: horizontal plane
Second-order bends: vertical plane
Third-order bends: torque

47. Orthodontic adhesives
Band cement: glass ionomer, zinc phosphate
Bonding adhesive: chemical-cured, light-cured

48. Chemical-cured adhesive
One-paste
Two-paste

49. A set of bonding adhesive
Paste A
Paste B
Sealant A
Sealant B
Etching solution

50. Bonding procedure Clean the teeth Etch the teeth
paint the sealant mixture
paint the paste mixture
place the brackets

53. Auxiliaries Ligatures:steel or elastic
Elastic bands:1/8”, 3/16”, 1/4”, 5/16”
Elastic chains:close, open, wide
The others:expansion screw, headgear, etc.

61. Typical treatment procedure
Aligning and leveling
Space closure and correction of occlusal relationship
Finishing
Retention