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KOREAN WAR 1950-1953
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KOREA
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KOREA’S HISTORY Ancient nation first unified in seventh century. Known as “Hermit Kingdom” – had a high point in Middle Ages Korea became a colony of Japan in 1910. After Japan was defeated in World War II, Soviet troops occupied northern Korea American troops occupied southern Korea
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TWO RIVALS – Kim Il-Sung in north; Syngman Rhee in south
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FOREIGN TROOPS WITHDRAW, ELECTION HELD ONLY IN SOUTH KOREA
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NORTH KOREA INVADES SOUTH, June 1950 Mutual provocations Each side feels it’s only legitimate govt. Stalin believes S. Korea is not in US ‘defense perimeter,’ gives OK to Kim Il- Sung to invade
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HOW SHOULD U.S. RESPOND?
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VIDEO http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=AB7B2224-5008- 49EC-82FE- CABAFB06E543&blnFromSearch=1&pro ductcode=US http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=AB7B2224-5008- 49EC-82FE- CABAFB06E543&blnFromSearch=1&pro ductcode=US http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=AB7B2224-5008- 49EC-82FE- CABAFB06E543&blnFromSearch=1&pro ductcode=US
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RESPONSE United Nations Security Council acts because South Korea is only recognized government. Why didn’t USSR object? U.S. sends massive numbers of troops along with other countries. North Koreans quickly take over most of the South. Longest retreat in American history. U.N. troops evacuated
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INCHON LANDING General Douglas MacArthur in command Orders massive amphibious invasion in mid-Korea to take back South
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U.N. SUCCESS U.N. troops push North Koreans all the way to Chinese border. Chinese troops invade Two sides fight back to original demarcation line
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NEGOTIATIONS AND STALEMATE Last two years. Pres. Eisenhower ends war in 1953 with a cease-fire line at 38 th Parallel Over 30,000 U.S. troops permanently stationed in South Korea. North Korea always ready to invade but never does.
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SINCE THE WAR South Korea has become more democratic, esp. since 1960s. Synghman Rhee and some earlier presidents were dictatorial. South’s economy flourishes using Japanese model – Samsung, Kia, Hyundai, etc. North Korea remains an isolated, Stalinist state under Kim Il-Sung and his son Kim Jong-Il. Quest for nuclear weapons makes it a “rogue state.”
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