2. COMPUTER CRIMES - THE LAW ENFORCMENT PERSPECTIVE By: Wilfred A Nathan Computer Forensic Branch Criminal Investigation Department Singapore Police Force BLACK HAT BRIEFINGS SINGAPORE - 3-4 APR 2000

3. SCOPE Computer Crime Trends Definition of Computer Crime Case Studies Computer Misuse Act

4. Computer Crime Branch & Computer Forensic Branch IT Crime Investigation Procedures Computer Crime Prevention & Incident Management Conclusion INTRODUCTION

5. Computer Crimes Trend No. of reported cases relatively low Increasing trend 1993/1994-1 1995-3 1996-7 1997-37 1998-116 1999-185

6. INTRODUCTION Definition of Computer Crime When there is unauthorised access into a computer system in order to : Destroy data or programs Commit other offences

7. CASE STUDY ONE The Perfect Computer Crime System Analyst used Trojan horse program to capture colleagues password and used it to modify the Lucky Draw Program. Also gained root access whilst auditing computer system and replaced Lucky Program with fake program that allowed 3 friends to ‘win’ $485,000

8. CASE STUDY TWO Crashing of Factory Computer SystemDisgruntled system administrator inserted logic bomb that replaced system files with damaged files during backup process. Also used another logic bomb to time backing up process while he was on holiday. Caused entire company’s system to crash and halted production lines. After his dismissal, he asked a computer illiterate colleague to crash system files.

9. CASE STUDY THREE Smart Card Scam - Managers of Cinema Chain modified Daily Cashiers’ Reports on computer system and siphoned off cash. Also topped up used Smart cards illegally and sold them to cinema touts. Enlisted help of a computer service engineer to load program into a branch so as to further the crime.

10. CASE STUDY FOUR Distribution of user-ids and passwords - Two youths stole user-ids and passwords of unsuspecting users of an ISP during IRC sessions and displayed the user-ids and passwords on a web site stating that the ISP’s system security had been breached.

11. Hacking of Television's Stations web-site Two teenagers obtained illegal access to a Television Station web-site by accident and modify several of the web pages with “hacker slogans”. CASE STUDY FOUR

12. LESSONS LEARNT Lack of òPhysical Security òElectronic Security òGood Security Practices òRegular System Audit òComputer Incident Management

13. COMPUTER MISUSE ACT Section 3 - Unauthorised Access to Computer Material Section 4 - Access with Intent to Commit or Facilitate Commission of Further Offence Section 5 - Unauthorised Modification of Contents of Computer

14. Section 6 - Unauthorised Use/Interception of Computer Service Section 7 - Unauthorised obstruction of Use of Computer Section 8 - Unauthorised Disclosure of Access Code Section 9 - Enhanced punishments -Territorial Scope COMPUTER MISUSE ACT

15. CCB & CFB Computer Crime Investigation Computer Related Crime Investigation Telecommunication Frauds Investigation Training Computer Searches Computer Seizures Computer Forensic Examination Training

16. COMPUTER CRIME BRANCH Head, Computer Crime Branch OC Investigation Teams Senior Investigators Investigators

17. COMPUTER FORENSIC BRANCH Head Computer Forensics OC Computer Forensics Team Computer Forensics Examiners

18. International Co-operation Asian Working Party (Computer Crime) Links with –FBI, USSS –AFP –Hong Kong –Malaysia –Taiwan –Sweden –U.K.

19. COMPUTER CRIME INVESTIGATIONS Report Lodging What to prepare? Who should do the reporting?

20. COMPUTER CRIME INVESTIGATIONS Preliminary Investigation Interviews (Facts gathering) Complainant / Victims System Administrators Customer Service Engineer Other Witnesses

21. COMPUTER CRIME INVESTIGATIONS Preliminary Investigation Evidence Collection Physical evidence (eg computer system, storage media) Supporting evidence (eg system logs, callerID records)

22. COMPUTER CRIME INVESTIGATIONS Preliminary Investigation Evidence Analysis Forensic laboratory and staff for examination of storage media Technical Support from Industry experts Vendors’ information

23. COMPUTER CRIME INVESTIGATIONS Implications of Police Investigation’  Evidence in police custody till conclusion of the case  Commitment of time and resources  Adverse publicity

24. PREVENTION & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Setting up a Security Team Implement Preventive Measures Incident Management

25. PREVENTION & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Preventive Measures Installation and maintenance of Intrusion Detection applications, e.g., Firewall, Intrusion Detection System Proper documentation of computer systems Conduct regular system audit Password management

26. PREVENTION & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Preventive Measures Establish links with SingCERT, etc Simulation Excercises Tracking software/hardware for bugs & vulnerabilities

27. PREVENTION & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Incident Management - Respond swiftly Collation of essential information and facts Gathering of evidence caller id records, system access logs

28. PREVENTION & INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Incident Management Ensure system and storage media not tampered document any tampering Report fast to Computer Crime Branch

29. CONCLUSION  Report the incident as early as possible  Record all irregularities  Do not allow anyone to meddle with the computer  Do not restore the affected system

30. THE END THANK YOU