1. Chapter 6: The American Revolution (1754-1783)
A Critical Time

2. Why did many colonists favor declaring independence?

3. Objectives:
1) Identify the major battles of the American Revolution
2) Explain how Washington forced the British to surrender at Yorktown
3) Describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1783)

4. of Americans actively supported the revolution
Introduction:
A Country Divided
► Only a minority
of Americans actively supported the revolution
► Patriots (about 40%)
► Loyalists (about 20%)
► Neutral (about 40%)

5. Introduction: A Country Divided
► Patriots:
► Most came from New England & Virginia
► Loyalists:
► In New York and the coastal port cities
► Neutral:
► Quakers and Germans in Pennsylvania
► Most Indians sided with the British
► Believed a Patriot victory would bring land-hungry settlers
► A British victory would allow them to live in peace

6. Introduction: Lack of Money and Equipment
► Throughout the war, George Washington would face the challenge of how to hold his army together.
► The soldiers needed everything
► To raise funds, the Continental Congress issued paper money
► Continental paper money lost so much value that suppliers reused to accept it
► Washington had trouble getting men to enlist for long terms. As a result, his troops were often inexperienced.
► Many free black men enlisted for longer periods (About 5,000)

8. Introduction: Lack of Money and Equipment
► Throughout the war, George Washington would face the challenge of how to hold his army together.
► The soldiers needed everything
► To raise funds, the Continental Congress issued paper money
► Continental paper money lost so much value that suppliers reused to accept it
► Washington had trouble getting men to enlist for long terms. As a result, his troops were often inexperienced.
► Many free black men enlisted for longer periods (about 5,000)

9. The Northern Campaigns (1776-1778)
March of The British left Boston
Washington felt they would reappear in
New York City trying to capture the Hudson valley… dividing the colonies

10. The Northern Campaigns
July of 1776
The British forced Washington
from New York with the help of
8,000 Hessian soldiers
Washington is chased across the
Delaware River into Pennsylvania
Winter came and Patriot spirits fell

11. The Northern Campaigns
December Washington gambles and his troops rowed across the icy Delaware River to the New Jersey shore.
► Catch the Hessians sleeping
► Seized a great quantity of
supplies
► Washington’s victories at
Trenton and Princeton
gave the Patriots a new hope

13. WASHINGTON CROSSING THE DELAWARE
by Emanuel Leutz (1851)
Emanuel Leutze (American: 1816–1868), Washington Crossing the Delaware, 1851, Oil on canvas; 149 x 255 in. (378.5 x cm): The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of John Stewart Kennedy, 1897 (97.34) Photograph © 1992 The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

14. The Northern Campaigns
Summer 1777
General Howe began a campaign
to capture Philadelphia

15. The Northern Campaigns

16. The Northern Campaigns
The American victory at Saratoga persuaded
France to back the Patriot effort
► It now recognized America’s independence and entered an alliance with the new nation
► It also persuaded Spain to join the American side
► Spain and France donated badly needed funds
► Other European countries were drawn into the war (Holland)

17. The Northern Campaigns
Winter of
Driven from Philadelphia by General Howe, Washington spent the winter at Valley Forge

18. The Northern Campaigns
25% died from the cold, smallpox, typhoid, and lack of food
Many soldiers deserted

19. to Valley Forge to fight
The Northern Campaign
Many Europeans came
to Valley Forge to fight

20. The Northern Campaign ► Marquis de Lafayette (French)
► Served without pay and was a popular leader

21. The Northern Campaign
Casimir Pulaski and Thaddeus Kosciusko (Poland) planned defenses along the Hudson River

22. The Northern Campaign
Baron von Steuben (German) trained them all winter long in European military formations